LinuxShell初级编程基础语法

文件相关的判断

free命令介绍

1. -h 表示以最多三位有效数字加上字节单位显示内存信息
2. free 表示空闲，buff/cache 表示 I/O缓存，available表示可用的是free+可回收IO-不可回收IO，shared没查到，是共享区内存么
   

awk命令介绍

1. awk是一个强大的文本分析工具，相对于grep的查找，sed的编辑，awk在其对数据分析并生成报告时，显得尤为强大。简单来说awk就是把文件逐行的读入，以空格为默认分隔符将每行切片，切开的部分再进行各种分析处理。
2. -F ‘指定分隔符’ ：以指定分隔符切分
3. 这里只是简单使用一下
4. FreeMen=`free -m | grep Mem | awk ‘{print $4}’`
   解释一下：grep Mem 查询Mem所在行
   awk 模式 行为 默认空格或者tab分割，后面的行为是输出$4 指的是第四列，$0输出全部域信息

Shell基础语法

1. if…elif…else

 #!/bin/bash
 # test if...elif..else
read -p "Enter you score: " score
if [ $score -ge 80 ] && [ $score -le 100 ]
then
echo "Successful"
elif [ $score -ge 60 ] && [ $score -lt 80 ]
then
echo "Pass"
else
echo "Failure"
fi

2. for

#!/bin/bash
# test fot recycle

for line in `cat hosts.txt`
do
echo $line
done

3. while 取随机数，猜随机数

#!/bin/bash
# a guess number game
price=`expr $RANDOM % 1000`
count=0
while true
do
let count++
read -p "Enter your guess number : " guess
if [ $guess -eq $price ]
then
echo "Success! count=$count"
exit
elif [ $guess -lt $price ]
then
echo "low"
elif [ $guess -gt $price ]
then
echo "high"
fi
done

4. ping 从文件中读取hosts 测试是否ping通

#!/bin/bash
# test ping
read -p "enter hosts:\n" host
ping -c 3 -i 0.2 -W 3  $host &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$1 is On-line"
else
echo "$1 is Off-line"
fi

5. 循环从文件添加用户并为每个用户输入密码

#!/bin/bash
# test add users from users.txtf
for username in `cat users.txt`
do
id $username &> /dev/null
if [ ! $? -eq 0 ]
then
read -p "Enter password for $username: " passwd
useradd $username &> /dev/null
echo $passwd | passwd --stdin $username &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$username create success!"
else
echo "$username create and passwd failed!"
fi
else
echo "$username is already exists!"
fi
done

6. 循环从文件读取用户并删除

#!/bin/bash
# delete users from users.txt
for username in `cat users.txt`
do
userdel -r $username &> /dev/null
done

7. case

#!/bin/bash
# delete users from users.txt
for username in `cat users.txt`
do
userdel -r $username &> /dev/null
done
[root@izwz9c58cw570jzn22ns3oz ~]# cat testCase 
#!/bin/bash
# test case
read -p "enter a alphabet:" alphabet
case $alphabet in 
[a-z]|[A-Z])
echo "this is a alphabet"
;;
[0-9])
echo "this is a number!"
;;
*)
echo "this is unrecognizable"

esac