职责链模式:为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式给予请求的类型,对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。
意图:避免请求发送者与接收者耦合在一起,让多个对象都有可能接收请求,将这些对象连接成一条链,并且沿着这条链传递请求,直到有对象处理它为止。
主要解决:职责链上的处理者负责处理请求,客户只需要将请求发送到职责链上即可,无须关心请求的处理细节和请求的传递,所以职责链将请求的发送者和请求的处理者解耦了。
何时使用:在处理消息的时候以过滤很多道。
使用场景: 1、有多个对象可以处理同一个请求,具体哪个对象处理该请求由运行时刻自动确定。 2、在不明确指定接收者的情况下,向多个对象中的一个提交一个请求。 3、可动态指定一组对象处理请求。
注意事项:在 JAVA WEB 中遇到很多应用。
实例UML图:
实例代码:
@Slf4j
public abstract class AbstractLogger {
public static int INFO = 1;
public static int DEBUG = 2;
public static int ERROR = 3;
protected int level;
protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;
public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger abstractLogger) {
this.nextLogger = abstractLogger;
}
public void logMessage(int level, String message) {
if (this.level <= level) {
write(message);
}
if (nextLogger != null) {
nextLogger.logMessage(level, message);
}
}
abstract protected void write(String message);
}
@Slf4j
public class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger {
public ConsoleLogger(int level) {
this.level = level;
}
@Override
protected void write(String message) {
log.info("Standard Console::Logger: " + message);
}
}
@Slf4j
public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger {
public ErrorLogger(int level){
this.level=level;
}
@Override
protected void write(String message) {
log.info("Error Console::Logger: " + message);
}
}
@Slf4j
public class FileLogger extends AbstractLogger {
public FileLogger(int level) {
this.level = level;
}
@Override
protected void write(String message) {
log.info("File::Logger: " + message);
}
}
public class LogTest {
public static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers() {
AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR);
AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG);
AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO);
errorLogger.setNextLogger(fileLogger);
fileLogger.setNextLogger(consoleLogger);
return errorLogger;
}
}
测试代码:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ChainresponsibilityApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
AbstractLogger loggerChain =LogTest.getChainOfLoggers();
loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO,
"This is an information.");
loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG,
"This is an debug level information.");
loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR,
"This is an error information.");
}
}
运行结果:
2018-12-04 23:54:25.998 INFO 21860 --- [ main] com.shuyu.test.ConsoleLogger : Standard Console::Logger: This is an information.
2018-12-04 23:54:25.998 INFO 21860 --- [ main] com.shuyu.test.FileLogger : File::Logger: This is an debug level information.
2018-12-04 23:54:25.999 INFO 21860 --- [ main] com.shuyu.test.ConsoleLogger : Standard Console::Logger: This is an debug level information.
2018-12-04 23:54:25.999 INFO 21860 --- [ main] com.shuyu.test.ErrorLogger : Error Console::Logger: This is an error information.
2018-12-04 23:54:25.999 INFO 21860 --- [ main] com.shuyu.test.FileLogger : File::Logger: This is an error information.
2018-12-04 23:54:25.999 INFO 21860 --- [ main] com.shuyu.test.ConsoleLogger : Standard Console::Logger: This is an error information
代码github地址:https://github.com/iot-wangshuyu/designpatterns/tree/master/chainresponsibility