python下编写守护进程

1、编写守护进程的步骤
python创建守护进程其实和c创建守护进程的方式大同小异了，其实就是那么几个步骤：
（1）创建子进程，父进程退出
（2）改变当前目录为根目录
（3）在子进程中创建新会话
（4）重设文件权限掩码
（5）子进中创建孙子进程，子进程退出，孙子进程成为真正的守护进程
（6）关闭文件描述符

2、定义一个Daemon类，有其他人写好的标准类，可以直接引用
daemon_python.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import sys, os, time, atexit
from signal import SIGTERM 

class Daemon:
    """
    A generic daemon class.
    Usage: subclass the Daemon class and override the run() method
    """
    def __init__(self, pidfile, stdin='/dev/null', stdout='/dev/null', stderr='/dev/null'):
        self.stdin = stdin
        self.stdout = stdout
        self.stderr = stderr
        self.pidfile = pidfile

    def daemonize(self):
        """
        do the UNIX double-fork magic, see Stevens' "Advanced 
        Programming in the UNIX Environment" for details (ISBN 0201563177)
        http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/faq_2.html#SEC16
        """
        try: 
            pid = os.fork() 
            if pid > 0:
                # exit first parent
                sys.exit(0) 
        except OSError, e: 
            sys.stderr.write("fork #1 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror))
            sys.exit(1)

        # decouple from parent environment
        os.chdir("/") 
        os.setsid() 
        os.umask(0) 

        # do second fork
        try: 
            pid = os.fork() 
            if pid > 0:
                # exit from second parent
                sys.exit(0) 
        except OSError, e: 
            sys.stderr.write("fork #2 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror))
            sys.exit(1) 

        # redirect standard file descriptors
        sys.stdout.flush()
        sys.stderr.flush()
        si = file(self.stdin, 'r')
        so = file(self.stdout, 'a+')
        se = file(self.stderr, 'a+', 0)
        os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno())
        os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
        os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())

        # write pidfile
        atexit.register(self.delpid)
        pid = str(os.getpid())
        file(self.pidfile,'w+').write("%s\n" % pid)

    def delpid(self):
        os.remove(self.pidfile)

    def start(self):
        """
        Start the daemon
        """
        # Check for a pidfile to see if the daemon already runs
        try:
            pf = file(self.pidfile, 'r')
            pid = int(pf.read().strip())
            pf.close()
        except IOError:
            pid = None

        if pid:
            message = "pidfile %s already exist. Daemon already running?\n"
            sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile)
            sys.exit(1)

        # Start the daemon
        self.daemonize()
        self.run()

    def stop(self):
        """
        Stop the daemon
        """
        # Get the pid from the pidfile
        try:
            pf = file(self.pidfile, 'r')
            pid = int(pf.read().strip())
            pf.close()
        except IOError:
            pid = None

        if not pid:
            message = "pidfile %s does not exist. Daemon not running?\n"
            sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile)
            return 

        try:
            while 1:
                os.kill(pid, SIGTERM)
                time.sleep(0.1)
        except OSError, err:
            err = str(err)
            if err.find("No such process") > 0:
                if os.path.exists(self.pidfile):
                    os.remove(self.pidfile)
            else:
                print str(err)
                sys.exit(1)

    def restart(self):
        """
        Restart the daemon
        """
        self.stop()
        self.start()

    def run(self):
        """
        You should override this method when you subclass Daemon. It will be called after the process has been
        daemonized by start() or restart().
        """

3、写一个测试的守护进程，每隔两秒向文件中写入数据
test.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import sys, os, time, atexit
from signal import SIGTERM 
from optparse import OptionParser
from daemon_python import Daemon

class my_daemon(Daemon):
    def run(self):
        """
        每两秒向文件写入信息
        """
        while True:
            pf = file('/tmp/python_example.txt', 'a+')
            pf.write("this is test python daemon\n")
            pf.close()
            time.sleep(2)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    newParser  = OptionParser()
    newParser.add_option("--action", dest="action", help=u'start|restart|stop daemon')
    (args, option) = newParser.parse_args()

    if not args.action:
        print newParser.print_help()
        exit(1)

    daemon = my_daemon('/tmp/my_daemon.pid')
    if args.action == 'start':
        daemon.start()
    elif args.action == 'restart':
        daemon.restart()
    elif args.action == 'stop':
        daemon.stop()
    else:
        print 'unkowm command'

运行结果：

查看程序运行使用方法：

是不是很简单，你们自己也动手试一下吧。
这里用到的命令行解析函数OptionParser()，大家可以自己去查下，这个函数功能很强大