Android ANT 如何编译Jar 和 APK

      最近在研究Android 的Ant 编译环境，遂将经验总结写下来。大家都知道我们可以在eclipse 里面编译android 的工程，这是怎么完成的呢？它主要是由于ADT 插件调用android的build tools完成的。其实eclipse 的编译也是通过Ant 脚本来完成编译的。/adnroid-sdk/tools/ant/build.xml 这就是ADT 插件调用的ant脚本，通过执行这个脚本就可以在完成android工程的编译。

      那么如果不依赖ADT 插件，我们可以完成android 工程的编译呢？当然可以，首先必须安装Apache Ant，目前最新版本是1.9.4，下载解压放到android sdk 目录下，然后将其bin路径添加到环境变量PATH 。最后只需要在你的android 工程目录下编写build.xml 文件。

1. 如何编译Jar 文件，啥也不说了，直接上代码

    下面为编译脚本build.sh 文件，最终会调用build.xml 文件。local.properties 文件是Ant 自动生成的，里面会自动指定 sdk.dir 变量，另外我们还手动指定了一个me.version,指定编译的版本号。

#!/bin/bash

PROP_FILE=local.properties
PROP_VERSION_KEY=me.version
VERSION=`cat ${PROP_FILE} | grep ${PROP_VERSION_KEY} | cut -d'=' -f2`
GITSHA1=`git log |  sed -n '1p' | awk  '{print $2}'`
MTL_OUTPUT=target

echo '
###################################################
#
#        Android Build system
#
###################################################
'
#预设置android sdk目录
android update project -p .
#1.编译jni
ndk-build clean
ndk-build

#2.编译jar
ant -f build.xml

echo '
#################################################
#
#  Make the tar package 
#
#################################################
'
tar -cvf ${MTL_OUTPUT}/aliroot_${VERSION}_${GITSHA1}.tar.gz sdk

local.properties 文件：

# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
#
# This file must *NOT* be checked into Version Control Systems,
# as it contains information specific to your local configuration.

# location of the SDK. This is only used by Ant
# For customization when using a Version Control System, please read the
# header note.
sdk.dir=/Users/mars/development/AndroidSDK/sdk
me.version=1.1.0

build.xml 文件：

<project default="jar" name="Acid" basedir=".">
    <!-- 工程目录结构
    project
        |-bin
        |-src
        |-lib
        |-out
        |-build.xml
    -->
    
    <property file="local.properties" />  

    <!-- ANT环境变量 -->  
    <property environment="env" /> 
    <!-- SDK目录(获取操作系统环境变量ANDROID_SDK_HOME的值) -->  
    <!-- <property name="sdk-folder" value="${env.ANDROID_HOME}" /> -->  
    <!-- property name="sdk-folder" value="${env.ANDROID_SDK_HOME}" /> -->
    <property name="sdk-folder" value="${sdk.dir}" />
    <!-- SDK指定平台中build tools目录 -->  
    <property name="sdk-build-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/build-tools/19.0.0" />
    <property name="sdk-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/tools" />
    <!-- SDK指定平台中platforms目录 --> 
    <property name="sdk-platform-folder" value="${sdk-folder}/platforms/android-19" />  
    <!-- SDK指定平台android.jar目录 -->
    <property name="android-jar" value="${sdk-platform-folder}/android.jar" />
    <!-- 编译aidl文件所需的预处理框架文件framework.aidl -->  
    <property name="framework-aidl" value="${sdk-platform-folder}/framework.aidl" />  
    <!-- AIDL build tool -->
    <condition property="exe" value=".exe" else=""><os family="windows" /></condition>
    <condition property="bat" value=".bat" else=""><os family="windows" /></condition>
    <property name="aidl" value="${sdk-build-tools}/aidl${exe}" />
    
    <property name="proguard.jar" location="${sdk-tools}/proguard/lib/proguard.jar" />
    <loadproperties srcFile="project.properties" />
    <condition property="proguard.enabled" value="true">
        <isset property="proguard.config" />
    </condition>
    
    <property name="libs.dir" value="libs"/>
    <property name="src.dir" value="src/com/alibaba/alibaba_root"/>
    <property name="aidl.dir" value="src"/>
    <property name="classes.obj.dir" value="classes"/>
    <property name="classes.obj.bin.dir" value="classes/bin"/>

    <!-- 生成R文件的相对目录 -->  
    <property name="outgen.dir" value="gen" />  
    <property name="output.dir" value="sdk"/>
    <property name="jarname" value="alibaba_root_${me.version}.jar"/>
    <property name="obfuscate.jarname" value="alibaba_root_obfuscate_${me.version}.jar"/>
    <property name="mainclass" value="com.alibaba.alibaba_root"/>
    <property name="manifest.file" value="AndroidManifest.xml"/>
    
    <!-- 第三方jar包的路径 -->
    <path id="lib-classpath">
        <!--<fileset dir="${libs.dir}">-->
        <fileset dir="libs">
           <include name="**/*.jar"/>
             <!-- <include name="android.jar"/>-->
        </fileset>
    </path>

    <!-- 1.1 初始化工作，如创建目录等 -->
    <target name="init">
        <delete dir="${classes.obj.dir}" />
        <delete dir="${classes.obj.bin.dir}" />
        <mkdir dir="${classes.obj.dir}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${classes.obj.bin.dir}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${outgen.dir}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${output.dir}"/>
        <mkdir dir="${output.dir}/armeabi"/>
        <mkdir dir="${output.dir}/assets"/>
        
        <taskdef
        name="xmltask"
        classname="com.oopsconsultancy.xmltask.ant.XmlTask"
        classpath="./forbuild/xmltask.jar" /> 
          <xmltask
                dest="${basedir}/${manifest.file}"
                encoding="utf-8"
                source="${basedir}/${manifest.file}" >

                <!-- 设置isdebug=true -->
                <!-- 运行环境，线上0，日常1，预发2 -->
                <attr
                    attr="android:value"
                    path="//manifest/application/meta-data[@android:name='root_server_config']"
                    value="0" />
            </xmltask> 
    </target>

    <!--1.2 编译aidl文件 -->  
    <target name="aidl" depends="init">
        <echo>Compiling .aidl into java files...</echo>  
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <!-- 指定预处理文件 -->  
            <arg value="-p${framework-aidl}" />  
            <!-- aidl声明的目录 -->  
            <arg value="-I${aidl.dir}" />  
            <!-- 目标文件目录 -->  
            <arg value="-o${outgen.dir}" />
            <!-- 指定哪些文件需要编译 -->  
            <fileset dir="${aidl.dir}">  
                <include name="**/*.aidl" />  
            </fileset>
        </apply>  
    </target> 
    
    <!-- 2. 编译整个sdk -->
    <target name="compile" depends="aidl">
        <echo>Compiling java source code...</echo>  
        <javac destdir="${classes.obj.dir}" bootclasspath="${android-jar}">
            <src path="${src.dir}" />  
            <src path="${outgen.dir}" />
            <compilerarg line="-encoding UTF-8"/>
            <classpath refid="lib-classpath"/>
        </javac>
    </target>

    <!-- 3. 打包jar文件 -->
    <target name="jar" depends="compile">
        <copy todir="${output.dir}/armeabi">
            <fileset dir="${libs.dir}/armeabi"/>
        </copy>
        <copy todir="${output.dir}/assets">
            <fileset dir="assets"/>
        </copy>
        <!--Create a property containing all .jar files,
        prefix lib/, and seperated with a space-->
        <pathconvert property="mf.classpath" pathsep=" ">
            <mapper>
                <chainedmapper>
                    <!-- jar包文件只留文件名，去掉目录信息 -->
                    <flattenmapper/>
                    <!-- add lib/ prefix -->
                    <globmapper from="*" to="lib/*"/>
                </chainedmapper>
            </mapper>
            <path refid="lib-classpath"/>
         </pathconvert>

        <!-- jar文件的输出路径 -->
        <jar destfile="${classes.obj.bin.dir}/${jarname}" basedir="${classes.obj.dir}">
            <manifest>
                <attribute name="Main-class" value="${mainclass}"/>
                <attribute name="Class-Path" value="${mf.classpath}"/>
            </manifest>
        </jar>
        
        <antcall target="obfuscate" />
        
    </target>
    
    <!-- proguard 混淆 -->
    <target name="obfuscate" if="proguard.enabled">
        <echo>Start proguard obfuscate...</echo>  
        
        <taskdef resource="proguard/ant/task.properties" classpath="${proguard.jar}" />
        
        <proguard configuration="${basedir}/proguard-project.txt">
            -injar ${classes.obj.bin.dir}/${jarname}
            -outjar ${output.dir}/${obfuscate.jarname}
            -libraryjar ${android-jar}
            -libraryjar ${libs.dir}/securityguard-2.3.39.jar
            -libraryjar ${libs.dir}/umid-1.3.0.jar
        </proguard>
        
        <!-- move file="${output.dir}/${obfuscate.jarname}" tofile="${output.dir}/${jarname}"/-->
            
    </target>
    
</project>

proguard-project.txt 文件：

-optimizationpasses 5
-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
-dontpreverify
#-dontwarn
-verbose
-optimizations !code/simplification/arithmetic,!class/merging/*
-keepattributes InnerClasses,Exceptions

-keep public class * extends android.app.Activity
-keep public class * extends android.app.Application
-keep public class * extends android.app.Service
-keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider
-keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
-keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference
-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService

-keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
    native <methods>;
}

-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
}

-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
}

-keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity {
   public void *(android.view.View);
}

-keepclassmembers enum * {
    public static **[] values();
    public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
}

-keep class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
  public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator *;
}

-keep interface com.xxx.zzz{public *;}
-keep class com.yyy.JNIHelper
-keepclassmembers class com.yyy.JNIHelper{public *;}

还需要在project.properties 文件中指定proguard.config. 下面是project.properties 文件：

# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
#
# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
#
# To customize properties used by the Ant build system edit
# "ant.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
# project structure.
#
# To enable ProGuard to shrink and obfuscate your code, uncomment this (available properties: sdk.dir, user.home):
#proguard.config=${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt:proguard-project.txt

# Project target.
target=android-19
android.library=false
proguard.config=proguard-project.txt

2. 如何编译APK文件：build.sh，local.properties 文件都跟上面一样。只需要修改build.xml 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="RootDemoApk_Offline" default="release" basedir=".">
    
    <property file="local.properties" />  
    
    <property environment="env" />
    <!-- SDK Locations -->
    <!-- SDK目录(获取操作系统环境变量ANDROID_SDK_HOME的值) -->  
    <!-- <property name="sdk-folder" value="${env.ANDROID_HOME}" /> -->  
    <!-- <property name="sdk-folder" value="${env.ANDROID_SDK_HOME}" /> -->
    <property name="sdk-folder" value="${sdk.dir}" />
    <property name="sdk-platform" value="${sdk-folder}/platforms/android-19" />
    <property name="sdk-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/tools" />
    <property name="sdk-build-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/build-tools/19.0.0" />
    <property name="sdk-platform-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/platform-tools" />
    <property name="proguardpath" location="${wtkhome}/lib/proguard" />

    <!-- step 1.generate R.java by aapt  2.compile java to class by javac 3.generate classes.dex by dx.bat  -->
    <!-- 4.package resources by aapt 5. package resource and classes.dex by apkbuilder.bat 6.sign apk by jarsinger -->
    <!-- Tools -->
    <property name="aapt" value="${sdk-build-tools}/aapt" />
    <property name="dx" value="${sdk-build-tools}/dx" />
    <property name="aidl" value="${sdk-build-tools}/aidl" />
    <property name="adb" value="${sdk-platform-tools}/adb" />
    <property name="android-jar" value="${sdk-platform}/android.jar" />
    <property name="jarsigner" value="${env.JAVA_HOME}/bin/jarsigner" />

    <!-- Application Package Name -->
    <property name="application-package" value="com.alibaba.alibaba_root_demo" />
    <property name="version" value="1.0.0" />
    <property name="debug.keystore" value="${basedir}/debug.keystore" />
    <property name="manifest.file" value="AndroidManifest.xml"/>
    
    <!-- The intermediates directory -->
    <!-- Eclipse uses "bin" for its own output, so we do the same. -->
    <property name="outdir-bin" value="target" />
    <property name="outdir-gen" value="gen" />
    <!-- source directories -->
    <property name="resource-dir" value="res" />
    <property name="asset-dir" value="assets" />
    <property name="srcdir" value="src" />
    <property name="srcdir-absolutepath" value="${basedir}/${srcdir}" />  
    <property name="external-libs" value="libs" />
    <property name="external-libs-absolutepath" value="${basedir}/${external-libs}" /> 

    <!-- dest directories -->
    <property name="des-resource-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/res" />
    <property name="des-asset-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/assets" />
    <property name="des-srcdir" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />
    <property name="des-external-libs" value="${outdir-bin}/libs" />

    <!-- Output directories -->
    <property name="outdir-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />

    <!-- Intermediate files -->
    <property name="dex-file" value="classes.dex" />
    <property name="intermediate-dex" value="${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}" />
    <property name="intermediate-dex-absolutepath" value="${basedir}/${intermediate-dex}" />

    <!-- The final package file to generate -->
    <property name="resources-package" value="${outdir-bin}/resource.ap_" />
    <property name="resources-package-absolutepath" value="${basedir}/${resources-package}" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-unsigned.apk" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package-absolutepath" value="${basedir}/${out-unsigned-package}" />  
    <property name="out-signed-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}.apk" />  
    <property name="out-signed-package-absolutepath" value="${basedir}/${out-signed-package}" /> 


    <!-- init -->
    <target name="init">
        <echo>Creating all output directories </echo>
        <delete dir="${outdir-bin}" />
        <delete dir="${outdir-gen}" />
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-bin}" />
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-classes}" />
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-gen}" />
        
        <taskdef name="xmltask" classname="com.oopsconsultancy.xmltask.ant.XmlTask" classpath="../forbuild/xmltask.jar" /> 
        <xmltask
            dest="${basedir}/${manifest.file}"
            encoding="utf-8"
            source="${basedir}/${manifest.file}" >

            <!-- 设置isdebug=true -->
            <!-- 运行环境，线上0，线下1 -->
            <attr attr="android:value"
                path="//manifest/application/meta-data[@android:name='root_server_config']"
                value="1" />
        </xmltask>
    </target>
 
    <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. -->
    <target name="resource-src" depends="init">
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo>
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="package" />
            <arg value="-m" />
            <arg value="-J" />
            <arg value="${outdir-gen}" />
            <arg value="-M" />
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />
            <arg value="-S" />
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />
            <arg value="-I" />
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />
        </exec>
    </target>

    <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. -->
    <target name="aidl" depends="resource-src">
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo>
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" />
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" />
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}">
                <include name="**/*.aidl" />
            </fileset>
        </apply>
    </target>

    <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. -->
    <target name="compile" depends="aidl">
        <echo>Compiling java source code...</echo>  
        <javac destdir="${outdir-classes}" bootclasspath="${android-jar}">
            <src path="${srcdir}" />
            <src path="${outdir-gen}"/>
            <compilerarg line="-encoding UTF-8"/>
            <classpath>
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar" />
            </classpath>
        </javac>
    </target>


    <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. -->
    <target name="dex" depends="compile">
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}...</echo>
        <apply executable="${dx}" failοnerrοr="true" parallel="true">
            <arg value="--dex" />
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-absolutepath}" />
            <arg path="${outdir-classes}" />
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar" />
        </apply>
    </target>

    <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. -->
    <target name="package-res-and-assets" depends="dex">
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo>
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="package" />
            <arg value="-f" />
            <arg value="-M" />
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />
            <arg value="-S" />
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />
            <arg value="-A" />
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" />
            <arg value="-I" />
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />
            <arg value="-F" />
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />
        </exec>
    </target>

    <!-- Same as package-res-and-assets, but without "-A ${asset-dir}" -->
    <!-- 
    <target name="package-res-no-assets">
        <echo>Packaging resources...</echo>
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="package" />
            <arg value="-f" />
            <arg value="-M" />
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />
            <arg value="-S" />
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />
            <arg value="-I" />
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />
            <arg value="-F" />
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />
        </exec>
    </target>
    -->

    <!-- apk-builder 在android 高版本上没有，它是一个打包脚本，相当于下面 --> 
    <target name="package" depends="package-res-and-assets">
        <java classpath="${sdk-tools}/lib/sdklib.jar" classname="com.android.sdklib.build.ApkBuilderMain">  
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-absolutepath}" />  
            <arg value="-u" />  
            <arg value="-z" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package-absolutepath}" />  
            <arg value="-f" />
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-absolutepath}" />  
            <arg value="-rf" />    
            <arg value="${srcdir-absolutepath}" />   
            <arg value="-rj"/>  
            <arg value="${external-libs-absolutepath}"/> 
            <!-- libs下面的so库打包 -->  
            <arg value="-nf" />  
            <arg value="${external-libs-absolutepath}" />
        </java>
    </target>
        
    <target name="jarsigner" depends="package">
        <echo>jarsigner ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo>
        <exec executable="${jarsigner}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="-verbose" />
            <arg value="-storepass" />
            <arg value="android" />
            <arg value="-keypass" />
            <arg value="android" />
            <arg value="-keystore" />
            <arg value="${debug.keystore}" />
            <arg value="-signedjar" />
            <arg value="${out-signed-package-absolutepath}" />
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-absolutepath}" />
            <arg value="androiddebugkey" />
        </exec>
    </target>

    <target name="release" depends="jarsigner">
        <echo>jarsigner for release succefully...</echo>
    </target>
  
    <!-- Install the package on the default emulator -->
    <!--
    <target name="install" depends="debug">
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>
        <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="install" />
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />
        </exec>
    </target>

    <target name="reinstall" depends="debug">
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>
        <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="install" />
            <arg value="-r" />
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />
        </exec>
    </target>
    -->

    <!-- Uinstall the package from the default emulator -->
    <!-- 
    <target name="uninstall">
        <echo>Uninstalling ${application-package} from the default emulator...</echo>
        <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">
            <arg value="uninstall" />
            <arg value="${application-package}" />
        </exec>
    </target>
    -->

</project>