exceptions - Revealing the Details of try-with-resources

 To investigate the underlying mechanisms of try-with-resources, we create below classes:

// exceptions/AutoCloseableDetails.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.

class Reporter implements AutoCloseable {
  String name = getClass().getSimpleName();

  Reporter() {
    System.out.println("Creating " + name);
  }

  public void close() {
    System.out.println("Closing " + name);
  }
}

class First extends Reporter {}

class Second extends Reporter {}

public class AutoCloseableDetails {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (First f = new First(); // can have a semicolon
        Second s = new Second()) {}
  }
}
/* Output:
Creating First
Creating Second
Closing Second
Closing First
*/

when do not implement AutoCloseable(since 1.7) interface: 

// exceptions/TryAnything.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
// {WillNotCompile}

class Anything {}

public class TryAnything {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Anything a = new Anything()) {}
  }
}

the compile error is:

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Task 'TryAnything' not found in project ':exceptions'.

* Try:
Run gradlew tasks to get a list of available tasks. Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.

BUILD FAILED

What if one of the constructors throws an exception? 

// exceptions/ConstructorException.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.

class CE extends Exception {}

class SecondExcept extends Reporter {
  SecondExcept() throws CE {
    super();
    throw new CE();
  }
}

public class ConstructorException {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (First f = new First();
        SecondExcept s = new SecondExcept();
        Second s2 = new Second()) {
      System.out.println("In body");
    } catch (CE e) {
      System.out.println("Caught: " + e);
    }
  }
}
/* Output:
Creating First
Creating SecondExcept
Closing First
Caught: CE
*/

SecondExcept does not close.

 

When no constructors throw exception, but the body of the try throw exceptions: 

// exceptions/BodyException.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.

class Third extends Reporter {}

public class BodyException {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (First f = new First();
        Second s2 = new Second()) {
      System.out.println("In body");
      Third t = new Third();
      new SecondExcept();
      System.out.println("End of body");
    } catch (CE e) {
      System.out.println("Caught: " + e);
    }
  }
}
/* Output:
Creating First
Creating Second
In body
Creating Third
Creating SecondExcept
Closing Second
Closing First
Caught: CE
*/

 Third does not close.

Finally, if at close() methods that throw exceptions:

// exceptions/CloseExceptions.java
// (c)2017 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.

class CloseException extends Exception {}

class Reporter2 implements AutoCloseable {
  String name = getClass().getSimpleName();

  Reporter2() {
    System.out.println("Creating " + name);
  }

  public void close() throws CloseException {
    System.out.println("Closing " + name);
  }
}

class Closer extends Reporter2 {
  @Override
  public void close() throws CloseException {
    super.close();
    throw new CloseException();
  }
}

public class CloseExceptions {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (First f = new First();
        Closer c = new Closer();
        Second s = new Second()) {
      System.out.println("In body");
    } catch (CloseException e) {
      System.out.println("Caught: " + e);
    }
  }
}
/* Output:
Creating First
Creating Closer
Creating Second
In body
Closing Second
Closing Closer
Closing First
Caught: CloseException
*/

references:

1. On Java 8 - Bruce Eckel

2. https://github.com/wangbingfeng/OnJava8-Examples/blob/master/exceptions/AutoCloseableDetails.java

3. https://github.com/wangbingfeng/OnJava8-Examples/blob/master/exceptions/TryAnything.java

4. https://github.com/wangbingfeng/OnJava8-Examples/blob/master/exceptions/ConstructorException.java

5. https://github.com/wangbingfeng/OnJava8-Examples/blob/master/exceptions/BodyException.java

6. https://github.com/wangbingfeng/OnJava8-Examples/blob/master/exceptions/CloseExceptions.java