python3多线程爬虫爬取某美女图片网站的指定页图片资源，你懂的

Queue（队列对象）

queue是python3中的标准库，可以直接import queue引用;队列是线程间最常用的交换数据的形式。

python下多线程的思考

对于资源，加锁是个重要的环节。因为python原生的list,dict等，都是not thread safe的。而queue，是线程安全的，因此在满足使用条件下，建议使用队列

1. 初始化： class Queue.Queue(maxsize) FIFO 先进先出

2. 包中的常用方法:

    - queue.qsize() 返回队列的大小

    - queue.empty() 如果队列为空，返回True,反之False

    - queue.full() 如果队列满了，返回True,反之False

    - queue.full 与 maxsize 大小对应

    - queue.get([block[, timeout]])获取队列，timeout等待时间

3. 创建一个“队列”对象
    import queue
    myqueue = queue.Queue(maxsize = 10)

4. 将一个值放入队列中
    myqueue.put(10)

5. 将一个值从队列中取出
    myqueue.get()

多线程示意图

在单进程爬虫中我们发现程序运行缓慢，逐条语句的执行：构建request请求、得到response相应，分析出图片所在的页面，再构建request请求、在分析，从而得到图片地址，之后再执行文件写操作，这样的顺序执行不免过于幼稚，效率实在是低，因而我们引入多线程。
总体而言，多线程是python中相对鸡肋的功能模块，但是将其应用于爬虫中，或高I/O程序中便能得到意想不到的效果。
说干就干，我们利用python3的标准库queue（在python2中是大写Q），构建四个队列，分别保存页码、采集结果、图片页面链接、图片地址，之后构建相应操作的线程，令每一个线程各司其职，访问各自所需要的数据，各自对其进行处理或请求或相应。
从而我们发现需要构建四类线程，所以我们写四个线程类，重写run()方法，执行相应操作。
值得格外注意的便是对数据队列的判空，当某一个数据队列为空时，相应父线程要挂起等待子线程结束，并结束run()方法中的死循环。由此便实现了简单的多线程爬虫。
源代码如下：（去掉了请求的页面地址，页面解析利用了xpath）

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author = wangbowj123
# 多线程爬虫示例

from queue import Queue
from lxml import etree
from urllib import request as urllib2
import threading
import re
headers = {
    'Host':'',
    'User-Agent':'',
    'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2',
    'Referer':'',
    'Cookie':'',
    'Connection':'keep-alive',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
}
n = 0
class ThreadCrawl(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, threadName, pageQueue, dataQueue):
        # threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        # 调用父类初始化方法
        super(ThreadCrawl, self).__init__()
        self.threadName = threadName
        self.pageQueue = pageQueue
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue

    def run(self):
        print(self.threadName + ' begin--------')
        while not CRAWL_EXIT:
            try:
                # 队列为空 产生异常
                page = self.pageQueue.get(block=False)
                url = ''+str(page)+'.html'
            except:
                break
            timeOut = 4
            while timeOut > 0:
                timeOut -= 1
                try:
                    request = urllib2.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
                    response = urllib2.urlopen(request).read().decode('gbk')
                    self.dataQueue.put(response)
                    break
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
            if timeOut <= 0:
                print('time out!')

class ThreadParse(threading.Thread):
    # 负责解析页面  提供图片页面地址
    def __init__(self, threadName, dataQueue, linkQueue):
        super(ThreadParse, self).__init__()
        self.threadName = threadName
        self.dataQueue = dataQueue
        self.linkQueue = linkQueue

    def run(self):
        print(self.threadName + ' begin--------')
        while not PARSE_EXIT:
            try:
                html = self.dataQueue.get(block=False)
                self.parsePage(html)
            except Exception as e:
                pass

    def parsePage(self,html):
        # 解析html文档为html dom模型
        dom = etree.HTML(html)
        # 返回所有匹配成功后的集合
        link_list = dom.xpath('//div[@class="gallery_list"]/div/dl/dd[@class="title"]/a/@href')

        # 提取出页面链接
        for link in link_list:
            full_link = '' + link
            # print(full_link)
            self.linkQueue.put(full_link)
            request = urllib2.Request(full_link, headers=headers)
            response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
            html = response.read().decode('gbk')
            dom = etree.HTML(html)
            nowPage = dom.xpath('//div[@class="contentbox"]/div[2]/ul/li[@class="thisclass"]/a/text()')
            nextPages = dom.xpath('//div[@class="contentbox"]/div[2]//li/a/@href')
            pattern = re.compile(r'.*://.*/')
            now = ''.join(nowPage)
            if int(now) == 1:
                newUrl = pattern.findall(full_link)
                for nextPage in nextPages:
                    if nextPage != '#':
                        full_url = ''.join(newUrl) + nextPage
                        self.linkQueue.put(full_url)
                        print(full_url)


class ThreadImage(threading.Thread):
    # 负责提取出图片下载地址
    def __init__(self, threadName, linkQueue, imageQueue):
        super(ThreadImage, self).__init__()
        self.threadName = threadName
        self.linkQueue = linkQueue
        self.imageQueue = imageQueue

    def run(self):
        print(self.threadName+' begin--------')
        while not IMAGE_EXIT:
            try:
                pageLink = self.linkQueue.get(block=False)
                self.loadImage(pageLink)
            except Exception as e:
                pass

    def loadImage(self, url):
        request = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers)
        response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
        html = response.read().decode('gbk')
        # 解析html文档为html dom模型
        dom = etree.HTML(html)
        srcs = dom.xpath('//img[@id="bigimg"]/@src')
        # pageStr = dom.xpath('//div[@class="contentbox"]/div[2]/ul/li[1]/a/text()')


        for src in srcs:
            self.imageQueue.put(src)

class ThreadWrite(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, thraedName, imageQueue):
        super(ThreadWrite, self).__init__()
        self.threadName = thraedName
        self.imageQueue = imageQueue

    def run(self):
        print(self.threadName + ' begin--------')
        while not LOAD_EXIT:
            try:
                pageLink = self.imageQueue.get(block=False)
                self.writeImage(pageLink)
            except Exception as e:
                pass

    def writeImage(self, url):
        print('-----loading image-----')
        print(url)
        request = urllib2.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
        response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
        print(response)
        image = response.read()
        global n
        try:
            file = open('image/' + str(n)+'.jpg', 'wb')
            n += 1
            file.write(image)
            file.close()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return

CRAWL_EXIT = False
PARSE_EXIT = False
IMAGE_EXIT = False
LOAD_EXIT = False

def main():

    # 页码的队列， 表示10个页面
    pageQueue = Queue(5)
    # 放入1 到 10 先进先出
    for i in range(1, 6):
        pageQueue.put(i)

    # 采集结果（每页的html源码）的数据队列
    dataQueue = Queue()
    # 采集到的图片地址
    linkQueue = Queue()
    imageQueue = Queue()

    # 记录线程的列表
    threadCrawl = []
    crawList = ['采集线程1号','采集线程2号','采集线程3号','采集线程4号',]
    for threadName in crawList:
        Cthread = ThreadCrawl(threadName, pageQueue, dataQueue)
        Cthread.start()
        threadCrawl.append(Cthread)

    threadParse = []
    parseList = ['解析线程1号', '解析线程2号', '解析线程3号', '解析线程4号', ]
    for threadName in parseList:
        Pthread = ThreadParse(threadName, dataQueue, linkQueue)
        Pthread.start()
        threadParse.append(Pthread)

    threadImage = []
    imageList = ['下载线程1号', '下载线程2号', '下载线程3号', '下载线程4号', ]
    for threadName in imageList:
        Ithraad = ThreadImage(threadName, linkQueue, imageQueue)
        Ithraad.start()
        threadImage.append(Ithraad)

    threadLoad = []
    loadList = ['存储线程1号', '存储线程2号', '存储线程3号', '存储线程4号', ]
    for threadName in loadList:
        Ithraad = ThreadWrite(threadName, imageQueue)
        Ithraad.start()
        threadLoad.append(Ithraad)

    # 等待pageQueue队列为空，也就是等待之前的操作执行完毕
    while not pageQueue.empty():
        pass

    # 如果pageQueue为空，采集线程退出循环
    global CRAWL_EXIT
    CRAWL_EXIT = True

    print ("pageQueue为空")

    for thread in threadCrawl:
        thread.join()
        print("1")

    while not dataQueue.empty():
        pass

    global PARSE_EXIT
    PARSE_EXIT = True

    for thread in threadParse:
        thread.join()
        print ("2")

    while not linkQueue.empty():
        pass

    global IMAGE_EXIT
    CRAWL_EXIT = True

    for thread in threadImage:
        thread.join()
        print("3")

    while not imageQueue.empty():
        pass

    global LOAD_EXIT
    LOAD_EXIT = True

    for thread in threadLoad:
        thread.join()
        print("4")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

因为爬取的是某一个不可言述网站，所以就隐去了，哈哈哈哈。
爬取了大概一千多张图片，之后IP就被封了，也懒得换代理。