Mysql5.7高可用之-基于binlog文件位置的主从同步配置

本文主要参照MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual文档，介绍在CentOS 7下，基于binlog文件的主从同步MySQL高可用方案，网上其他文章配置多掺杂其他与主从复制本身无关的配置选项，本着极简配置的原则撰写此文。

1、环境规划

本次规划采用一主一从配置

主机IP	角色
172.17.242.54	MASTAER
172.17.242.55	SLAVE

2、安装MySQL

请参照另一片文章 CentOS 7下安装MySQL5.7

3、配置Master

1、配置my.cnf文件开启binlog，并设置server-id

shell > vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1 

重启MySQL，注意：若要保证主从同步最低延迟与高一致性，需要在以上配置文件中增加如下配置，但是会牺牲一定性能

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1

2、创建复制账号信息

mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%';

3、记录Master binlog文件同步位置信息，后面在配置Slave时需要设置相关信息

mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> unlock tables;

其中 mysql-bin.000002为当前binlog文件名，Position 为坐标信息

4、创建Master Dump文件导入Slave数据库

如果皆为新建数据库无历史数据拷贝需要可忽略此步骤
1、执行 dump操作

shell > cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
shell > ./mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases > /usr/common/m.sql

2、拷贝到目标主机并执行导入操作

shell > scp m.sql root@172.17.242.55:/usr/common
shell > cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
shell > ./mysql -uroot -p < /usr/common/m.sql

5、配置 Slave

1、配置MySQL server-id 信息

shell > vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=22

2、重启MySQL ，配置Master信息

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='172.17.242.54',
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

3、导入主库备份文件

shell > cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
shell > ./mysql -uroot -p < /usr/common/m.sql

4、启动Slave并查看状态

mysql> START SLAVE;
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.242.54
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: iZ2zedll6n6czo68sfh0mlZ-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 545
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 1d968c76-ba7a-11ea-9642-00163e3428e0
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

至此，MySQL主从配置完毕。

6、验证

1、Master执行插入、删除、更新等操作，至Slave库查看对应记录信息是否正确
主库执行

mysql> use test;
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| country        |
| t_user         |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select  * from t_user;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
|    2 |
|    3 |
|    4 |
+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t_user values (5),(6),(7),(8);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t_user;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
|    2 |
|    3 |
|    4 |
|    5 |
|    6 |
|    7 |
|    8 |
+------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>