rk3188--1.mkimage.sh及cpio打包过程分析

一. mkimage.sh
1. android目录下的mkimage.sh

!/bin/bash

set -e

. build/envsetup.sh >/dev/null && setpaths

export PATH=$ANDROID_BUILD_PATHS:$PATH

TARGET=”withoutkernel”
if [ “$1”x != “”x ]; then TARGET=$1
fi
rm -rf rockdev/Image
mkdir -p rockdev/Image
//在init.rk30board.rc中搜索字符串mtd@system,发现其分区类型为ext4
FSTYPE=grep 'mtd@system' $OUT/root/init.rk30board.rc | head -n 1 | awk '{ print $2 }'
if [ “$FSTYPE” = “” ]; then
FSTYPE=grep 'mtd@system' $OUT/root/init.rc | head -n 1 | awk '{ print $2 }'
fi
echo system filesysystem is $FSTYPE

BOARD_CONFIG=device/rockchip/rk30sdk/device.mk
//KERNLE_SRC_PATH为空
KERNEL_SRC_PATH=grep TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL ${BOARD_CONFIG} |grep "^\s*TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL *:= *[\w]*\s" |awk '{print $3}'
[ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] || FAKEROOT=fakeroot

BOOT_OTA=”ota”
echo “TARGET=$TARGET” [$TARGET != $BOOT_OTA -a$TARGET != "withoutkernel" ] && echo "unknow target[${TARGET}],exit!” && exit 0

if [ ! -f $OUT/kernel ]   //这个文件存在不执行以下
then
 echo "kernel image not fount![$OUT/kernel] "
    read -p "copy kernel from TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL[$KERNEL_SRC_PATH] (y/n) n to exit?"
    if [ "$REPLY" == "y" ]
    then
        [ -f $KERNEL_SRC_PATH ] || \
            echo -n "fatal! TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL not eixit! " || \
            echo -n "check you configuration in [${BOARD_CONFIG}] " || exit 0

        cp ${KERNEL_SRC_PATH} $OUT/kernel

    else
        exit 0
    fi
fi

//1.boot.img的生成过程
if [ $TARGET ==$BOOT_OTA ] //TARGET=withoutkernel, BOOT_OTA=ota不相等,执行else
then
echo “make ota images… ”
echo -n “create boot.img with kernel… ”
[ -d $OUT/root ] && \ mkbootfs$OUT/root | minigzip > $OUT/ramdisk.img && \ mkbootimg –kernel$OUT/kernel --ramdisk $OUT/ramdisk.img –output$OUT/boot.img && \
cp -a $OUT/boot.img rockdev/Image/ echo “done.” else echo -n “create boot.img without kernel… ” [ -d$OUT/root ] && \ //目录out/target/product/rk30sdk/root存在
mkbootfs $OUT/root | minigzip >$OUT/ramdisk.img && \ //1.将root下的每个文件加上cpio头+每个文件的内容,打包成cpios格式
rkst/mkkrnlimg $OUT/ramdisk.img rockdev/Image/boot.img //2. 将这个cpio文件用gzip压缩后写到文件ramdisk.img中 echo “done.” //3. mkkrnlimg会对ramdisk.img加上8个字节的头标志,尾部加上4个字字 fi //2.recovery.img的生成过程 echo -n “create recovery.img with kernel… ” [ -d$OUT/recovery/root ] && \
mkbootfs $OUT/recovery/root | minigzip >$OUT/ramdisk-recovery.img && \
mkbootimg –kernel $OUT/kernel --ramdisk$OUT/ramdisk-recovery.img –output $OUT/recovery.img && \ cp -a$OUT/recovery.img rockdev/Image/
echo “done.”

echo -n "create misc.img.... "
cp -a rkst/Image/misc.img rockdev/Image/misc.img
cp -a rkst/Image/pcba_small_misc.img rockdev/Image/pcba_small_misc.img
cp -a rkst/Image/pcba_whole_misc.img rockdev/Image/pcba_whole_misc.img
echo "done."

//3.system.img的生成过程

if [ -d $OUT/system ] then echo -n “create system.img… ” if [ “$FSTYPE” = “cramfs” ]
then
chmod -R 777 $OUT/system$FAKEROOT mkfs.cramfs $OUT/system rockdev/Image/system.img elif [ “$FSTYPE” = “squashfs” ]
then
chmod -R 777 $OUT/system mksquashfs$OUT/system rockdev/Image/system.img -all-root >/dev/null
elif [ “$FSTYPE" = "ext3" ] || [ "$FSTYPE” = “ext4” ]
then //ext3或ext4的生成过程
delta=5120
num_blocks=du -sk $OUT/system | tail -n1 | awk '{print $1;}'
num_blocks=$(($num_blocks + $delta))

    num_inodes=`find $OUT/system | wc -l`
    num_inodes=$(($num_inodes + 500))

    ok=0
    while [ "$ok" = "0" ]; do
        genext2fs -a -d $OUT/system -b $num_blocks -N $num_inodes -m 0 rockdev/Image/system.img >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
        tune2fs -j -L system -c -1 -i 0 rockdev/Image/system.img >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
        ok=1 || num_blocks=$(($num_blocks + $delta))
    done
    e2fsck -fy rockdev/Image/system.img >/dev/null 2>&1 || true

    delta=1024
    num_blocks=`resize2fs -P rockdev/Image/system.img 2>&1 | tail -n1 | awk '{print $7;}'`
    rm -f rockdev/Image/system.img
    ok=0
    while [ "$ok" = "0" ]; do
        genext2fs -a -d $OUT/system -b $num_blocks -N $num_inodes -m 0 rockdev/Image/system.img >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
        tune2fs -O dir_index,filetype,sparse_super -j -L system -c -1 -i 0 rockdev/Image/system.img >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
        ok=1 || num_blocks=$(($num_blocks + $delta))
    done
    e2fsck -fyD rockdev/Image/system.img >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
else
    mkdir -p rockdev/Image/2k rockdev/Image/4k
    mkyaffs2image -c 2032 -s 16 -f $OUT/system rockdev/Image/2k/system.img
    mkyaffs2image -c 4080 -s 16 -f $OUT/system rockdev/Image/4k/system.img
fi
echo "done."

fi

chmod a+r -R rockdev/Image/
2. mkbootfs分析
mkbootfs在system/core/cpio/mkbootfs.c中
mkbootfs $OUT/root
main
–> archive(*argv, x); //*argv 要打包的源文件路径, x是打包后的文件路径
–> _archive_dir(in, out, strlen(in), strlen(out)); //in要打包的源文件路径, out是打包后的文件路径
static void _archive_dir(char *in, char *out, int ilen, int olen)
{
int i, t;
DIR *d;
struct dirent *de;
DIR* d = opendir(in); //打开目录

int size = 32;
int entries = 0;
char** names = malloc(size * sizeof(char*)); //每次分配32个文件名的内存
//将./out/target/product/rk30sdk/root目录下所有的文件名存在name数组中
while((de = readdir(d)) != 0){
    if(de->d_name[0] == '.') continue;       //跳过.目录
    if(!strcmp(de->d_name, "root")) continue; //排除root,这是为了什么?
    if (entries >= size) {
      size *= 2;                 //如果超出32个文件名,则再多分配32*2个,依次类推        
      names = realloc(names, size * sizeof(char*));  //realloc,又学习了一招
    }
    names[entries] = strdup(de->d_name);   //strdup可以分配内存并复制
    ++entries;
}
//对name数组中的文件名进行排序
qsort(names, entries, sizeof(char*), compare);   

for (i = 0; i < entries; ++i) {
    t = strlen(names[i]);
    in[ilen] = '/';
    memcpy(in + ilen + 1, names[i], t + 1);

    if(olen > 0) {                  //out为空
        out[olen] = '/';
        memcpy(out + olen + 1, names[i], t + 1);
        _archive(in, out, ilen + t + 1, olen + t + 1);
    } else {
        memcpy(out, names[i], t + 1);       //将文件名复制到out中
        _archive(in, out, ilen + t + 1, t); //将这个文件打包到ramdisk.img中
    }

    in[ilen] = 0;
    out[olen] = 0;

    free(names[i]);
}
free(names);

}
mkbootfs $OUT/root
main
–> archive(*argv, x); //*argv 要打包的源文件路径, x是打包后的文件路径
–> _archive_dir(in, out, strlen(in), strlen(out)); //in要打包的源文件路径, out是打包后的文件路径
–> _archive //对普通文件 目录 链接分开处理
static void _archive(char *in, char *out, int ilen, int olen)
{
struct stat s;
if(S_ISREG(s.st_mode)){ //1.对普通文件的处理
int fd = open(in, O_RDONLY);
char* tmp = (char*) malloc(s.st_size);
read(fd, tmp, s.st_size);
_eject(&s, out, olen, tmp, s.st_size);
free(tmp);
close(fd);
} else if(S_ISDIR(s.st_mode)) { //2.对目录的处理
_eject(&s, out, olen, 0, 0);
_archive_dir(in, out, ilen, olen);
} else if(S_ISLNK(s.st_mode)) { //3.对链接文件的处理
char buf[1024];
int size;
size = readlink(in, buf, 1024); //调用readlink读符号链接的大小及内容
_eject(&s, out, olen, buf, size);
} else {
die(“Unknown ‘%s’ (mode %d)?\n”, in, s.st_mode);
}
}
注: 符号链接
假设有这样的符号连接
ln -s /home/cong/Desktop/record.txt link
则调用readlink后,buf=”/home/cong/Desktop/record.txt”, size=sizeof(“/home/cong/Desktop/record.txt”);
即realink所读到的就是link所指向的路径的内容及长度

函数的作用是:把文件的信息与文件的内容写到ramdisk.img中去
mkbootfs $OUT/root
main
–> archive(*argv, x); //*argv 要打包的源文件路径, x是打包后的文件路径
–> _archive_dir(in, out, strlen(in), strlen(out)); //in要打包的源文件路径, out是打包后的文件路径
–> _archive //对普通文件 目录 链接分开处理
–> _eject //将文件信息与内容写入到ramdisk.img中去
static void _eject(struct stat *s, char *out, int olen, char *data, unsigned datasize)
{
static unsigned next_inode = 300000;

while(total_size & 3) {
    total_size++;
    putchar(0);
}

fix_stat(out, s);
//这儿的printf实际上是要写入到ramdisk.img中去的  
printf("%06x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x"
       "%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x%s%c",
       0x070701,                   <<<<---   标志 
       next_inode++, // s.st_ino,    //inode_number
       s->st_mode,                   //mode
       0, // s.st_uid,               //uid
       0, // s.st_gid,               //gid
       1, // s.st_nlink,             //链接数
       0, // s.st_mtime,             //最后修改时间
       datasize,                     //文件长度
       0, // volmajor                //主号
       0, // volminor                //次号
       0, // devmajor                //主设备号
       0, // devminor,               //次设备号
       olen + 1,                     //name_len名字长度
       0,                         --->>>>
       out,
       0
       );

total_size += 6 + 8*13 + olen + 1;


while(total_size & 3) {
    total_size++;
    putchar(0);
}

if(datasize) {
    fwrite(data, datasize, 1, stdout);   //这是文件的内容
    total_size += datasize;
}

}
最后写入一个结束标志:
static void _eject_trailer()
{
struct stat s;
memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
_eject(&s, “TRAILER!!!”, 10, 0, 0);

while(total_size & 0xff) {
    total_size++;
    putchar(0);
}

}
注: CPIO 的结构包括:
110字节的Head(6 + 8*13)
不定长的文件名(文件名的长度是olen)
结束字符 \0
文件的内容
…. //重复上面4个
最后的文件名是一个 TRAILER!!!

附1. ramdisk.img的解压过程
cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$file ./bak/ramdisk.img ./bak/ramdisk.img: gzip compressed data, from Unix cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$ cp ./bak/ramdisk.img ./bak/ramdisk.img_bak.gz //重新copy一份
cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$gunzip ./bak/ramdisk.img_bak.gz //gunzip解压缩 cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$ ls ./bak/
ramdisk.img ramdisk.img_bak ramdisk.img.gz
cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$file ./bak/ramdisk.img_bak //解压后的文件就是cpio格式的 ./bak/ramdisk.img_bak: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC) cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$ cpio -i -F ./bak/ramdisk.img_bak //解压cpio格式
463 blocks
cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$ls //这就能看到所有文件了 bak data default.prop dev forlinx.rc init init.goldfish.rc init.rc linuxrc proc sbin sys system ueventd.goldfish.rc ueventd.rc cong@ubuntu:/tmp/test$