Linux内核---32.I2C设备驱动分析

一. I2C设备的定义及其添加过程
1.1   数据结构
include/linux/i2c.h:

1. struct i2c_board_info {
   
2.     char        type[I2C_NAME_SIZE];            //设备名   
   
3.     unsigned short    flags;                    //   
   
4.     unsigned short    addr;                     //     
   
5.     void        *platform_data;                 // 
   
6.     struct dev_archdata    *archdata;           // 
   
7.     struct device_node *of_node;                // 
   
8.     int        irq;                             // 
   
9. };

drivers/i2c/i2c-core.h:

1. struct i2c_devinfo {
   
2.     struct list_head    list;                 //i2c设备列表头           
   
3.     int            busnum;                    //i2c总线并不是只有一条
   
4.     struct i2c_board_info    board_info;      //
   
5. };

1.2 全局变量
drivers/i2c/i2c-core.h:

1. extern struct rw_semaphore    __i2c_board_lock;      //    
   
2. extern struct list_head    __i2c_board_list;         // 
   
3. extern int        __i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num;       //

全局变量的初始化,在driver/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c中

1. DECLARE_RWSEM(__i2c_board_lock);                     //读写锁
2. EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__i2c_board_lock);
   
3. 
   
4. LIST_HEAD(__i2c_board_list);                         //双向链表
   
5. EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__i2c_board_list);
   
6. 
   
7. int __i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num;
   
8. EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num);

1.3 I2C设备的定义
在arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx/mach-smdk6410.c中,定义了I2C的设备

1. static struct i2c_board_info i2c_devs0[] __initdata = {
   
2.     { I2C_BOARD_INFO("ov965x", 0x30), }, // gjl
3. };
   
4. 
   
5. static struct i2c_board_info i2c_devs1[] __initdata = {
   
6.     { I2C_BOARD_INFO("24c128", 0x57), },    /* Samsung S524AD0XD1 */
   
7. };

其中 #define I2C_BOARD_INFO(dev_type, dev_addr) \
    .type = dev_type, .addr = (dev_addr)
.type 是name 
.addr 是设备在i2c上的地址

在arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx/mach-smdk6410.c中

1. static void __init smdk6410_machine_init(void)
   
2. {
   
3.     i2c_register_board_info(0, i2c_devs0, ARRAY_SIZE(i2c_devs0));   //将bus 0上的设备添加到i2c的设备链表中
   
4.     i2c_register_board_info(1, i2c_devs1, ARRAY_SIZE(i2c_devs1));   //将bus 1上的设备添加到i2c的设备链表中
   
5. }

在driver/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c中:

1. int __init i2c_register_board_info(int busnum, struct i2c_board_info const *info, unsigned len)
   
2. {
   
3.     int status;
   
4. 
   
5.     down_write(&__i2c_board_lock);
6.     
   
7.     if (busnum >= __i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num)
   
8.         __i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num = busnum + 1;
   
9. 
   
10.     for (status = 0; len; len--, info++) {
    
11.         struct i2c_devinfo    *devinfo;
    
12. 
    
13.         devinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*devinfo), GFP_KERNEL);    
    
14.         
    
15.         devinfo->busnum = busnum;                           //新建一个i2c_devinfo结构体,初始化之后
    
16.         devinfo->board_info = *info;                        //初始化后,插入到i2c设备链表的尾部
    
17.         list_add_tail(&devinfo->list, &__i2c_board_list);   //在全局变量i2c_board_list中添加新的设备
    
18.     }
    
19. 
    
20.     up_write(&__i2c_board_lock);
    
21. 
    
22.     return status;
    
23. }
24. 
    

1.4 I2C设备的添加过程
s3c24xx_i2c_probe
    -->  i2c_add_numbered_adapter
        --> i2c_register_adapter
            -->  i2c_scan_static_board_info
                --> i2c_new_device
i2c设备的添加过程是随着i2c控制器的添加而添加的,这个在下一篇中详细说一下,这儿就省了!

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二. I2C设备驱动的注册过程
这儿以ov9650为例说明一下,(为什么呢? 因为ok6410上面没有其它的i2c设备了!)
drivers/media/video/samsung/fimc/ov965x.c

1. static __init int ov965x_init(void)
   
2. {
   
3.     return i2c_add_driver(&ov965x_i2c_driver);
   
4. }
   
5. module_init(ov965x_init)

ov965x_init
    --> i2c_add_driver

1. static inline int i2c_add_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver)
   
2. {
   
3.     return i2c_register_driver(THIS_MODULE, driver);
   
4. }
   
5. 
   
6. 在driver/i2c/i2c-core.c中
   
7. int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver)
   
8. {
   
9.     driver->driver.owner = owner;
   
10.     driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
    
11.     res = driver_register(&driver->driver);        //注册driver并进入I2C的probe函数
    
12.     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&driver->clients);
    
13.                                                     //对i2c上的每一个设备执行一次__process_new_driver                 
    
14.     i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_new_driver); //但__process_new_driver好像什么事也没有干
15.     return 0; 
    
16. }
    
17. EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_register_driver);

ov965x_init
    --> i2c_add_driver
            --> i2c_device_probe
driver/i2c/i2c-core.c

1. static int i2c_device_probe(struct device *dev)
   
2. {
   
3.     struct i2c_client    *client = i2c_verify_client(dev);   //这儿己经是ov965x的dev了,己经得到dev->addr=0x30
   
4.     struct i2c_driver    *driver;
   
5.     int status;
   
6. 
   
7.     driver = to_i2c_driver(dev->driver);
   
8.     client->driver = driver;
   
9.     if (!device_can_wakeup(&client->dev))
   
10.         device_init_wakeup(&client->dev, client->flags & I2C_CLIENT_WAKE);
    
11.     status = driver->probe(client, i2c_match_id(driver->id_table, client));    //开始调用具体设备的probe
    
12.     return status;
    
13. }

下面接着分析

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三. I2C设备驱动的写过程
i2c_device_probe
     - - >  ov965x_probe

1. static int ov965x_probe(struct i2c_client *c, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
   
2. {
   
3.     ov965x_data.client = c;
   
4.     s3c_fimc_register_camera(&ov965x_data);            //向fimc注册
   
5.     for (i = 0; i < OV965X_INIT_REGS; i++) {           //通过i2c写ov9650的寄存器
   
6.         ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(c, OV965X_init_reg[i].subaddr, OV965X_init_reg[i].value);
   
7.     }
   
8.     return 0;
   
9. }

i2c_device_probe
     - - >  ov965x_probe
        -->  i2c_smbus_write_byte_data
driver/i2c/i2c-core.c

1. s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command, u8 value)
   
2. {
   
3.     union i2c_smbus_data data;
   
4.     data.byte = value;
   
5.     return i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
   
6.              I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data);
   
7. }
   
8. 
   
9. s32 i2c_smbus_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, u16 addr, unsigned short flags,
   
10.          char read_write, u8 command, int protocol,
    
11.          union i2c_smbus_data *data)
    
12. {
    
13.     flags &= I2C_M_TEN | I2C_CLIENT_PEC;    
    
14.     i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated(adapter, addr, flags, read_write, command, protocol, data);
    
15. }

i2c_device_probe
     - - >  ov965x_probe
        -->  i2c_smbus_write_byte_data
            -->   i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated
driver/i2c/i2c-core.c

1. static s32 i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, u16 addr,
   
2.              unsigned short flags,
   
3.              char read_write, u8 command, int size,
   
4.              union i2c_smbus_data *data)
   
5. {
   
6.     unsigned char msgbuf0[I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX+3];
   
7.     unsigned char msgbuf1[I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX+2];
   
8.     int num = read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ ? 2 : 1;
   
9.     struct i2c_msg msg[2] = { { addr, flags, 1, msgbuf0 },
   
10.      { addr, flags | I2C_M_RD, 0, msgbuf1 }
    
11.      };
    
12. 
    
13.     msgbuf0[0] = command;
    
14.     switch (size) {
    
15.     case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA:       
    
16.             msg[0].len = 2;
    
17.             msgbuf0[1] = data->byte;        
    
18.         break;
    
19.     }
    
20. 
    
21.     status = i2c_transfer(adapter, msg, num);    //把要传输的信息组装成msg,进行传输
    
22.     //i==0 && I2C_SMBUS_READ
    
23. }

i2c_device_probe
     - - >  ov965x_probe
        -->  i2c_smbus_write_byte_data
            -->   i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated
                --> i2c_transfer
driver/i2c/i2c-core.c

1. int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num)
   
2. {
   
3.     unsigned long orig_jiffies;
   
4.     int ret, try;
   
5.     if (in_atomic() || irqs_disabled()) {
   
6.         ret = i2c_trylock_adapter(adap);
   
7.         if (!ret)
   
8.             return -EAGAIN;
   
9.     } else 
   
10.         i2c_lock_adapter(adap);       //加把锁
    
11.         
    
12.     orig_jiffies = jiffies;
    
13.     for (ret = 0, try = 0; try <= adap->retries; try++) {          //如果传输失败,则重试adap->retries次
    
14.         ret = adap->algo->master_xfer(adap, msgs, num);            //传输函数,在文件i2c-s3c2410.c中
    
15.         if (ret != -EAGAIN)
    
16.             break;
    
17.         if (time_after(jiffies, orig_jiffies + adap->timeout))    //如果超时了,不管成不成功立即返回
    
18.             break;
    
19.     }
    
20.     i2c_unlock_adapter(adap);        //unlock
    
21.     return ret; 
    
22. }

注: ret  =  adap - > algo - > master_xfer ( adap ,  msgs ,  num ) ;  是i2c控制器的数据传输函数,下一篇分析