Erase-Remove idiom是C++中用于从容器中删除满足特定条件元素的常见编程技巧。它不直接删除元素，而是将不符合条件的元素移到容器前面，保持相对顺序，然后通过容器自身的erase成员函数来实际移除元素。这种方法不适用于返回const迭代器的容器，如set。
Erase–remove idiom
Motivation[edit]
A common programming task is to remove all elements that have a certain value or fulfill a certain criterion from a collection. In C++, this could be achieved using a hand-written loop. It is, however, preferred to use an algorithm from the C++ Standard Library for such tasks.[1][2][3]
The algorithm library provides the remove and remove_if algorithms for this. Because these algorithms operate on a range of elem
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