第一步：
a. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs*（有其他的继续执行yum相关的命令）第二步：
b. 下载Linux对应的RPM包，如：CentOS6.4_64对应的RPM包，[root@localhost rpm]# ll
total 74364
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 18442536 Dec 11 20:19 MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 3340660 Dec 11 20:06 MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 54360600 Dec 11 20:03 MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm：
c. 进去下载好的包目录，安装MySQL
[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm修改配置文件位置
[root@localhost rpm]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf第四步
d. 初始化MySQL及设置密码
[root@localhost rpm]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db
[root@localhost rpm]# service mysql start
[root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret #查看root账号密码# The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); #设置密码为123456
mysql> exit
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456（注意：在执行# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl可能会报Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO)错
解决方法：首先 停掉mysql服务器
[root@DB-Server init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..[ OK ]然后 使用mysqld_safe命令在启动mysql，更新root账号的密码
参数–skip-grant-tables：不启动grant-tables(授权表),跳过权限控制。
参数–skip-networking ：跳过TCP/IP协议，只在本机访问(从网上有些资料看，这个选项不是必须的。可以不用)
[root@DB-Server init.d]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
[2] 9396
[root@DB-Server init.d]# 140722 14:59:46 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.err'.
140722 14:59:46 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
（这个步骤有错不理）之后 执行
[root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select Host, User, Password,password_expired
-> from user
-> where user='root' and host='root' or host='localhost';
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Host | User | Password | password_expired |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| localhost | root | *A848DE7CCD839E924921BEE41711991DDA0D529E | Y |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('123456')
-> where user='root' and host='root' or host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0新设置用户或更改密码后需用flush privileges刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表，否则会出现拒绝访问，还有一种方法，就是重新启动mysql服务器，来使新设置生效。
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@DB-Server init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL..140722 15:02:27 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.pid ended
[ OK ]
Starting MySQL.[ OK ]
[2]- Done mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking
[root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root p
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.19
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 另外，如果登录mysql数据库后执行脚本遭遇 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement,可以使用重新设置一次密码即可解决问题.
mysql>set password = password('123456');
）第五步：
e. 允许远程登陆
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
| ::1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit第六步:
f. 设置开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off最后：
g. MySQL的默认安装位置
/var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
/usr/bin #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本
修改字符集和数据存储路径
配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)
lower_case_table_names=1
(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )
max_connections=1000
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
~~~查看字符集
show variables like ‘%collation%’;
show variables like ‘%char%’;
最后：
mysql -uroot -p123456
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