LeetCode第48题：Rotate Image（Java详解版）

题目：

48.Rotate Image
You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.

Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

Note:

You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.

Example 1:

Given input matrix =
[
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]
],

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
[7,4,1],
[8,5,2],
[9,6,3]
]
Example 2:

Given input matrix =
[
[ 5, 1, 9,11],
[ 2, 4, 8,10],
[13, 3, 6, 7],
[15,14,12,16]
],

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
[15,13, 2, 5],
[14, 3, 4, 1],
[12, 6, 8, 9],
[16, 7,10,11]
]

题目解析：

1.矩阵旋转90度；
2.不允许使用新矩阵，只能在原矩阵上进行操作；

解题思路：

1.矩阵元素交换原理

2.由于90度旋转,每个数字对应旋转四个位置,例如例1中的 1,7,9,3四个角落数字旋转之后的对应关系为7,9,3,1；
3.设置对应关系,如下:

其中i为行数，j为列数
Height 为高度，Width为宽度
起始位置:matrix[i][j]
逆时针90度位置:
matrix[Height - j - 1][i]
逆时针180度位置:
matrix[Width- i- 1][Height - j- 1]
逆时针270度位置:
matrix[j][Width- i - 1]

4.此题规律： m[i][j] = m[n-1-j][i]

题目代码：

@Test
    public void TestRotateImage(){
        int[][] matrix = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}};
        rotate(matrix);
        int[][] test = matrix;
    }

    //[1,2,3]
    //[4,5,6]
    //[7,8,9]
    public void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
        int lenWidth = matrix.length;//3
        if(lenWidth == 0){
            return;
        }
        int lenHeight = matrix[0].length;//3
        int k = lenWidth;//3
        int temp;
        //i = 0 ; j = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < lenHeight / 2;i++){
            for(int j = i;j < k - 1;j++){
                temp = matrix[i][j];//1
                matrix[i][j] = matrix[lenHeight - j - 1][i];//7
                matrix[lenHeight - j - 1][i] = matrix[lenHeight - i - 1][lenWidth - j -1];//9
                matrix[lenHeight - i -1][lenWidth - j -1] = matrix[j][lenWidth - i -1];//3
                matrix[j][lenWidth - i - 1] = temp;
            }
            k--;
        }
        return;
    }

算法性能：

总结：
1.此题需要总结出位置元素置换规律；
2.不能新生成矩阵，否则此题就没意义啦；
3.欢迎大家，留言评论，大家一起进步，噢力给！