Runnable和Callable的区别

了解一下

在java中线程类是java.lang.Thread,看源码可知线程类是实现了java.lang.Runnable接口的。我们如果想运行一个线程，可以新建一个java.lang.Thread并重写run()方法去执行自己的任务，当然也可以向java.lang.Thread对象中填入一个实现了java.lang.Runnable接口的类。

那java.util.concurrent.Callable接口是什么？定义了返回结果的任务接口，和java.lang.Runnable 相似，但是其使用还是要依赖java.lang.Runnable，为什么这么说呢，请往下看。

Callable的使用

在java中，Callable的最先是在线程池中使用的。

	public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);  //封装Callable为FutureTask
        execute(ftask); //运行FutureTask
        return ftask; //返回FutureTask
    }

FutureTask

• Future接口
  取消任务
  获取任务结果（检查计算是否为完成，等待其完成再返回结果，一旦完成，无法取消）
• RunnableFuture继承了Runnable和Future
• FutureTask是RunnableFuture的实现类，也就是实现了Runnable和Future的功能

FutureTask功能： 启动，取消，查询是否完成检索计算结果，如果计算未完成，方法将阻塞，一旦计算完成，无法重新计算或取消除非调用runAndReset()

状态

状态变化：

方法

1. 构造方法：

	public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
        if (callable == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.callable = callable;
        this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
    }

	public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
        this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result); //通过Runnable封装为RunnableAdapter，而RunnableAdapter实现了Callable
        this.state = NEW;  
    }

2. run方法

	public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call(); //获取call的结果
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);//将call的结果存储起来
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

3. get方法

	public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        int s = state;
        if (s <= COMPLETING)
            s = awaitDone(false, 0L); //如果没有完成，等待结果返回
        return report(s);
    }

4. awaitDone方法
   等待结果，中断终止，超时

	private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
        WaitNode q = null;
        boolean queued = false;
        for (;;) {
            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                removeWaiter(q);
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int s = state;
            if (s > COMPLETING) {
                if (q != null)
                    q.thread = null;
                return s;
            }
            else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
                Thread.yield();
            else if (q == null)
                q = new WaitNode();
            else if (!queued)
                queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
                                                     q.next = waiters, q);
            else if (timed) {
                nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanos <= 0L) {
                    removeWaiter(q);
                    return state;
                }
                LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
            }
            else
                LockSupport.park(this);
        }
    }