AWK 小结

# 介绍
Awk是一门脚本语言，在linux下面有一个awk工具，一般配合sed工具使用
> The AWK Programming Language（book）


# Awk处理流程
1. Awk reads all input either from standard input or files.
2. The input is read in unit called records, default is a line
3. Each record will processed by rule of the program, and will split to chunks called fields.


# Awk关键字


变量 | 定义
-----|------
$0   | 整个record（默认为一行）
$1~$n | 第n个filed
NF   | 当前record的有多少个filed
NR   | 当前文件第几个record
FNR  | 所有文件的第几个record
FS   | 输入filed的分隔符，默认为空格
RS   | 输入record的分隔符，默认为空行




# Awk语法
- BEGIN{action //here put the code that will processed before read record like define some variables, if not need, ignore it }
- //match pattern {action//here put the code will be processed in every record}  （Can be more than ones）
- END {action //here put the code will be processed after all record all processed, if not need, ignore it }


# 用例
## 用例1
awk '{print $3, $9, $5 }'  
awk 'NR!=1 {print $3, $9, $5 }'   
awk 'NR!=1 {printf "%-10s %-25s %10s\n",$3, $9, $5 } '  
awk 'NR!=1 && $3=="ewajinx" {printf "%-10s %-25s %10s\n",$3, $9, $5 }'
## 用例2
awk 'BEGIN{print "calculating ....."} {sum+=$5} END {print sum}'
## 用例3
可以使用-F指定其他分割符.  
cat file.txt | awk -F, '{print $1 "," $3 }'这里我们使用，作为字段分割符，同时打印第一个和第三个字段。  如果该文件内容如下： Adam Bor, 34, IndiaKerry Miller, 22, USA
命令输出结果为：Adam Bor, IndiaKerry Miller