ESP8266 Arduino 发送 GB2312 编码的中文到串口屏

小项目使用8266接收WebHook,需要提取消息展示到串口屏

一切顺利,显示数量,图标,时间都很好

到了最后一步显示内容时碰壁了,Arduino发送的是UTF-8编码的

串口屏支持 GB2312 好一些,网上查了一番

有人用 char hello[] ={0xC4,0xE3,0xBA,0xC3} 直接定义编码数组的方式,可以展示一些固定的字符串文本

有人将文件编码从UTF-8改为ANSI的

但这两种方法我都没有尝试,我们要展示的内容是接口收到的内容,内容不可控.不能改编码也是因为要从接口获取数据,修改了编码,请求数据又会出现问题

解决办法

最后在Github上,看到了一个别人几年前做的8266气象站:esp8266-weather-station

他的代码中用到了UTF-8转GB2312,翻看代码后是网上的另一个思路,查表

PROGMEM unsigned short int code_table[][2] =
{
	{	0x4E00,	0xD2BB	},	
	{	0x4E01,	0xB6A1	},	
	{	0x4E03,	0xC6DF	},	
	{	0x4E07,	0xCDF2	},	
	{	0x4E08,	0xD5C9	},	
	{	0x4E09,	0xC8FD	},	
	{	0x4E0A,	0xC9CF	},	
	....
	{	0xE813,	0xD7FD	},	
	{	0xE814,	0xD7FE	}	
};

搭配一个转换函数,将UTF-8的char数组转成u16的数组

void Utf8ToGb2312(const char *utf8, int len, u16 *gbArray)
{
    int k = 0;

    int byteCount = 0;
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    char temp[500];
    u16 unicodeKey = 0;
    u16 gbKey = 0;

    //循环解析
    while (i < len)
    { //delay(0);

        switch (GetUtf8ByteNumForWord((u8)utf8[i]))
        {
        case 0:
            temp[j] = utf8[i];
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey;
            byteCount = 1;
            break;

        case 2:
            temp[j] = utf8[i];
            temp[j + 1] = utf8[i + 1];
            gbKey = ((utf8[i] & 0x80) << 8) + utf8[i + 1];
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey;
            byteCount = 2;
            break;

        case 3:
            //这里就开始进行UTF8->Unicode
            temp[j + 1] = ((utf8[i] & 0x0F) << 4) | ((utf8[i + 1] >> 2) & 0x0F); //高字节
            temp[j] = ((utf8[i + 1] & 0x03) << 6) + (utf8[i + 2] & 0x3F);        //低字节

            //取得Unicode的值
            memcpy(&unicodeKey, (temp + j), 2);

            //根据这个值查表取得对应的GB2312的值
            gbKey = SearchCodeTable(unicodeKey);
            //printf("gbKey=0x%X\n",gbKey);
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey;
            byteCount = 3;
            break;

        case 4:
            byteCount = 4;
            break;
        case 5:
            byteCount = 5;
            break;
        case 6:
            byteCount = 6;
            break;

        default:

            break;
        }
        i += byteCount;
        if (byteCount == 1)
        {
            j++;
        }
        else
        {
            j += 2;
        }
    }
    gbArray[k] = 0xffff;
    //return gbKey;
}

测试运行后我想要的中文的确都可以在串口打印出来了

但是有一个小问题,比如想要发送123,应该发送0x31 0x32 0x33,但是因为他转换的是u16数组,会多出一些字节来

我们进行一下小小的改造,返回数组的真实长度,修改u8数组

int Utf8ToGb2312(const char *utf8, int len, u8 *gbArray)
{
    int k = 0;

    int byteCount = 0;
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    char temp[500];
    u16 unicodeKey = 0;
    u16 gbKey = 0;

    // 循环解析
    while (i < len)
    {
        switch (GetUtf8ByteNumForWord((u8)utf8[i]))
        {
        case 0:
            temp[j] = utf8[i];
            gbArray[k++] = utf8[i];
            byteCount = 1;
            break;

        case 2:
            temp[j] = utf8[i];
            temp[j + 1] = utf8[i + 1];
            gbKey = ((utf8[i] & 0x80) << 8) + utf8[i + 1];
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey >> 8;
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey & 0xff;
            byteCount = 2;
            break;

        case 3:
            // 这里就开始进行UTF8->Unicode
            temp[j + 1] = ((utf8[i] & 0x0F) << 4) | ((utf8[i + 1] >> 2) & 0x0F); // 高字节
            temp[j] = ((utf8[i + 1] & 0x03) << 6) + (utf8[i + 2] & 0x3F);        // 低字节

            // 取得Unicode的值
            memcpy(&unicodeKey, (temp + j), 2);

            // 根据这个值查表取得对应的GB2312的值
            gbKey = SearchCodeTable(unicodeKey);
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey >> 8;
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey & 0xff;
            byteCount = 3;
            break;

        case 4:
            byteCount = 4;
            break;
        case 5:
            byteCount = 5;
            break;
        case 6:
            byteCount = 6;
            break;

        default:

            break;
        }
        i += byteCount;
        if (byteCount == 1)
        {
            j++;
        }
        else
        {
            j += 2;
        }
    }
    return k;
}

这样就可以实现中英文的混合参数,英文数字占用一个字节,中文占用两个字节

下面附上完整的代码

完整代码

受文章长度限制,代码贴不出来,可参考ESP8266 Arduino 发送 GB2312 编码的中文到串口屏

UTF-8toGB2312.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "cp936.h"
#include "UTF-8toGB2312.h"

int GetUtf8ByteNumForWord(u8 firstCh)
{
    u8 temp = 0x80;
    int num = 0;

    while (temp & firstCh)
    {
        num++;
        temp = (temp >> 1);
    }
    // printf("the num is: %d\n", num);
    return num;
}

u16 SearchCodeTable(u16 unicodeKey)
{
    int first = 0;
    int end = CODE_TABLE_SIZE - 1;
    int mid = 0;
    while (first <= end)
    {
        mid = (first + end) / 2;
        if (pgm_read_word(&(code_table[mid][0])) == unicodeKey)
        {
            return pgm_read_word(&(code_table[mid][1]));
        }
        else if (pgm_read_word(&(code_table[mid][0])) > unicodeKey)
        {
            end = mid - 1;
        }
        else
        {
            first = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

int Utf8ToGb2312(const char *utf8, int len, u8 *gbArray)
{
    int k = 0;

    int byteCount = 0;
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    char temp[500];
    u16 unicodeKey = 0;
    u16 gbKey = 0;

    // 循环解析
    while (i < len)
    {
        switch (GetUtf8ByteNumForWord((u8)utf8[i]))
        {
        case 0:
            temp[j] = utf8[i];
            gbArray[k++] = utf8[i];
            byteCount = 1;
            break;

        case 2:
            temp[j] = utf8[i];
            temp[j + 1] = utf8[i + 1];
            gbKey = ((utf8[i] & 0x80) << 8) + utf8[i + 1];
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey >> 8;
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey & 0xff;
            byteCount = 2;
            break;

        case 3:
            // 这里就开始进行UTF8->Unicode
            temp[j + 1] = ((utf8[i] & 0x0F) << 4) | ((utf8[i + 1] >> 2) & 0x0F); // 高字节
            temp[j] = ((utf8[i + 1] & 0x03) << 6) + (utf8[i + 2] & 0x3F);        // 低字节

            // 取得Unicode的值
            memcpy(&unicodeKey, (temp + j), 2);

            // 根据这个值查表取得对应的GB2312的值
            gbKey = SearchCodeTable(unicodeKey);
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey >> 8;
            gbArray[k++] = gbKey & 0xff;
            byteCount = 3;
            break;

        case 4:
            byteCount = 4;
            break;
        case 5:
            byteCount = 5;
            break;
        case 6:
            byteCount = 6;
            break;

        default:

            break;
        }
        i += byteCount;
        if (byteCount == 1)
        {
            j++;
        }
        else
        {
            j += 2;
        }
    }
    return k;
}

UTF-8toGB2312.h

#ifndef utf8togb2312
#define utf8togb2312
int Utf8ToGb2312(const char* utf8, int len,unsigned char* gbArray);
#endif

使用的例子

  int num = utf8Str.length();
  u8 s[num * 2];
  int len = Utf8ToGb2312(utf8Str.c_str(), num, s);
  Serial.write(s, len);