9-1-2 创建网络会话

RHEL和CentOS系统默认使用NetworkManager来提供网络服务，这是一种动态管理网络配置的守护进程，能够让网络设备保持连接状态。可以使用nmcli命令来管理NetworkManager服务。

1、nmcli 查看网卡信息

[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli connection show
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
eno16777728  8cedbaed-b1ed-aa77-7f3c-6b5a960f4bb5  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 
[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con show
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
eno16777728  8cedbaed-b1ed-aa77-7f3c-6b5a960f4bb5  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 
[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con show eno16777728
connection.id:                          eno16777728
connection.uuid:                        8cedbaed-b1ed-aa77-7f3c-6b5a960f4bb5
connection.interface-name:              eno16777728
connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
connection.autoconnect:                 yes
connection.timestamp:                   1583573310
connection.read-only:                   no

2、新建网络会话

网络会话，允许用户在多个配置文件中快速切换（类似于防火墙中的区域）。可以满足不同环境中使用不同的ip，例如在公司使用固定ip，在家里使用自动获取ip，用户频繁改变很麻烦，而使用到网络会话则可以很轻松的实现自动切换。

以下演示创建两个会话，一个是company，固定ip，一个house，DHCP获取动态ip

创建固定ip的网络会话company，添加完后切换，可以看到ip变为设置的固定ip

[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con show
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
eno16777728  8cedbaed-b1ed-aa77-7f3c-6b5a960f4bb5  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 

##新建网络会话company,设置ip和网关，autoconnect no不会默认被激活，记得网卡名称要与机器上的一致
[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con add con-name company ifname eno16777728 autoconnect no type ethernet ip4 192.168.10.10/24 gw4 192.168.10.1
Connection 'company' (24b72cb7-c7ac-4a06-81f9-dd09e14aa010) successfully added.
[root@redhat Desktop]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:9d:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.136.13/24 brd 192.168.136.255 scope global eno16777728
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:9d5e/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       
##添加完后查看会话，发现有两个
[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con show
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
company      24b72cb7-c7ac-4a06-81f9-dd09e14aa010  802-3-ethernet  --          
eno16777728  8cedbaed-b1ed-aa77-7f3c-6b5a960f4bb5  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 

## 切换会话，查看ip，发现ip变为company设置的固定ip 192.168.10.10
[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con up company
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
[root@redhat Desktop]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:9d:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.10/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eno16777728
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:9d5e/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

创建自动分配ip地址的house会话，切换完后发现ip为动态获取到的ip

[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con add con-name house type ethernet ifname eno16777728
Connection 'house' (fcb5cfa3-9d38-4117-a1fd-920503638962) successfully added.
[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con show
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
house        fcb5cfa3-9d38-4117-a1fd-920503638962  802-3-ethernet  --          
company      24b72cb7-c7ac-4a06-81f9-dd09e14aa010  802-3-ethernet  --          
eno16777728  8cedbaed-b1ed-aa77-7f3c-6b5a960f4bb5  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 

这里ip为自动获取，主要先打开仅主机模式下的DHCP服务。
编辑-虚拟网络编辑器-确认仅主机模式下的DHCP是已启用，查看子网ip，预期等下字段获取的ip应该为此网段的ip。

验证：
可以看到切换为house会话后，获取到的ip为192.168.136.132，符合预期。

[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con up house
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
[root@redhat Desktop]# nmcli con show
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
house        fcb5cfa3-9d38-4117-a1fd-920503638962  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 
company      24b72cb7-c7ac-4a06-81f9-dd09e14aa010  802-3-ethernet  --          
eno16777728  8cedbaed-b1ed-aa77-7f3c-6b5a960f4bb5  802-3-ethernet  --          
[root@redhat Desktop]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:9d:5e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.136.132/24 brd 192.168.136.255 scope global dynamic eno16777728
       valid_lft 1791sec preferred_lft 1791sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:9d5e/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever