Java 8 Lambda : Comparator 例子

在下面例子中，我们将展示怎么用Java 8 Lambda 表达式去写一个对List集合排序的Comparator 。

1. Classic Comparator example.

Comparator<Developer> byName = new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
	}
};

2. Lambda expression equivalent.

Comparator<Developer> byName =
	(Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());

1. 不用 Lambda 实现排序

  示例演示用一个 Developer  对象实现对其age属性的排序功能。正常的，你会用Collections.sort，通过匿名Comparator 比较器实现，如下所示：

TestSorting.java

package com.mkyong.java8;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class TestSorting {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		List<Developer> listDevs = getDevelopers();

		System.out.println("Before Sort");
		for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
			System.out.println(developer);
		}

		//sort by age
		Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
			@Override
			public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
				return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
			}
		});

		System.out.println("After Sort");
		for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
			System.out.println(developer);
		}

	}

	private static List<Developer> getDevelopers() {

		List<Developer> result = new ArrayList<Developer>();

		result.add(new Developer("mkyong", new BigDecimal("70000"), 33));
		result.add(new Developer("alvin", new BigDecimal("80000"), 20));
		result.add(new Developer("jason", new BigDecimal("100000"), 10));
		result.add(new Developer("iris", new BigDecimal("170000"), 55));

		return result;

	}

}

Output

Before Sort
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

After Sort
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

当排序需求改变时，你只能通过一个新的匿名类实现，如下所示：

//sort by age
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
	}
});

//sort by name
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
	}
});

//sort by salary
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
	}
});

它的确可以实现，你去创建一个类仅仅是因为你想去改变某行代码认为它有一点诡异的。

2. 用Lambda实现排序

在java 8 中，接口List是支持直接方法排序，而再也不需要用Collections.sort。

//List.sort() since Java 8
listDevs.sort(new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o2.getAge() - o1.getAge();
	}
});

Lambda 表达式例子 :

TestSorting.java

package com.mkyong.java8;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class TestSorting {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		List<Developer> listDevs = getDevelopers();

		System.out.println("Before Sort");
		for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
			System.out.println(developer);
		}

		System.out.println("After Sort");

		//lambda here!
		listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());

		//java 8 only, lambda also, to print the List
		listDevs.forEach((developer)->System.out.println(developer));
	}

	private static List<Developer> getDevelopers() {

		List<Developer> result = new ArrayList<Developer>();

		result.add(new Developer("mkyong", new BigDecimal("70000"), 33));
		result.add(new Developer("alvin", new BigDecimal("80000"), 20));
		result.add(new Developer("jason", new BigDecimal("100000"), 10));
		result.add(new Developer("iris", new BigDecimal("170000"), 55));

		return result;

	}

}

输出：

Before Sort
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

After Sort
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

3. 更多 Lambda 例子

3.1 Sort By age

//sort by age
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
	}
});

//lambda
listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());

//lambda, valid, parameter type is optional
listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());

3.2 Sort by name

//sort by name
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
	}
});

//lambda
listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));

//lambda
listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));

3.3 Sort by salary

//sort by salary
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
	@Override
	public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
		return o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
	}
});

//lambda
listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary()));

//lambda
listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary()));

3.4 逆序排序.

3.4.1 Lambda expression to sort a List using their salary.

Comparator<Developer> salaryComparator = (o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
listDevs.sort(salaryComparator);

Output

Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]

3.4.2 Lambda expression to sort a List using their salary, reversed order.

Comparator<Developer> salaryComparator = (o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
listDevs.sort(salaryComparator.reversed());

Output

Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]

References

1. Start Using Java Lambda Expressions
2. Oracle : Lambda Expressions
3. Oracle : Comparator