第四章、Spring Data JPA、Hibernate 与 Spring Boot集成

配置环境

MySQL5.7.22

Spring Data JPA 1.11.1RELEASE

Hibernate 5.2.8.Final

MySQL Connercor/J 5.1.41

配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.waylau.spring.boot.blog</groupId>
	<artifactId>jpa-in-action</artifactId>
	<version>1.0.0</version>
	<name>jpa-in-action</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<!-- thymeleaf版本及方言版本 -->
		<thymeleaf.version>3.0.3.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
		<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
		<!-- 自定义Hibernate版本 -->
		<hibernate.version>5.2.8.Final</hibernate.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- 
			热部署
			optional=true 依赖不会传递，该项目依赖devtools
			之后依赖该项目的项目如果想要使用devtools，需要重新引入
		-->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		    <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
		    <optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		 
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 布局 -->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>nz.net.ultraq.thymeleaf</groupId>
		    <artifactId>thymeleaf-layout-dialect</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- Spring Data JPA 自带的Hibernate版本不使用 自定义Hibernate版本 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- MySQL 版本5.1.41 驱动 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- 内嵌H2 数据库 版本1.4.193  运行时 -->
		<dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

修改User实体如下

package com.waylau.spring.boot.blog.domain;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * 用户实体
 * @author Administrator
 */
@Entity//实体
public class User {
	
	@Id//主键
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//主键的生成策略(自增)
	private Long id;//实体一个唯一标识
	private String name;
	private String email;
	
	protected User(){}//无参构造    设为protected防止直接使用
	
	public User(Long id, String name, String email) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.email = email;
	}

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}
	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", email=" + email + "]";
	}
}

修改接口UserRepository如下：

package com.waylau.spring.boot.blog.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import com.waylau.spring.boot.blog.domain.User;

/**
 * 用户接口
 * @author Administrator
 */
public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long>{
	
}

JPA提供了自带的实现，所以将之前的实现类UserRepositoryImpl删除

修改控制器UserController如下：

package com.waylau.spring.boot.blog.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.waylau.spring.boot.blog.domain.User;
import com.waylau.spring.boot.blog.repository.UserRepository;
/**
 * User 控制器
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
	
	@Autowired
	private UserRepository userRepository;
	
	/**
	 * 查询所有用户
	 * @param model
	 * @return
	 */
	@GetMapping
	public ModelAndView list(Model model){
		model.addAttribute("userList", userRepository.findAll());
		model.addAttribute("title", "用户管理");
		//String viewName, String modelName, Object modelObject
		return new ModelAndView("users/list", "userModel", model);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据id查询用户
	 * @param id
	 * @param model
	 * @return
	 */
	@GetMapping("{id}")
	public ModelAndView view(@PathVariable("id") Long id, Model model){
		User user = userRepository.findOne(id);
		model.addAttribute("user", user);
		model.addAttribute("title", "查看用户");
		//String viewName, String modelName, Object modelObject
		return new ModelAndView("users/view", "userModel", model);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取创建用户的界面
	 * @param model
	 * @return
	 */
	@GetMapping("/form")
	public ModelAndView createForm(Model model){
		model.addAttribute("user", new User(null,null,null));
		model.addAttribute("title", "创建用户");
		//String viewName, String modelName, Object modelObject
		return new ModelAndView("users/form", "userModel", model);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 新建用户
	 * @param user
	 * @return
	 */
	@PostMapping
	public ModelAndView saveOrUpdateUser(User user){
		user = userRepository.save(user);
		return new ModelAndView("redirect:/users");//重定向到list页面
	}
	
	/**
	 * 删除用户
	 * @param id
	 * @param model
	 * @return
	 */
	@GetMapping("/delete/{id}")
	public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
		userRepository.delete(id);
		return new ModelAndView("redirect:/users");//重定向到list页面
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取修改用户的界面
	 * @param id
	 * @param model
	 * @return
	 */
	@GetMapping("/modify/{id}")
	public ModelAndView modifyForm(@PathVariable("id") Long id, Model model) {
		User user = userRepository.findOne(id);
		model.addAttribute("user", user);
		model.addAttribute("title", "修改用户");
		return new ModelAndView("users/form", "userModel", model);
	}

}

由于之前在实体类中将User的无参构造访问权限设置了protected,所以不能再调用new User()，而调用new User(null,null,null)

配置文件如下：

####  thymeleaf配置   #######
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
# 编码
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
# 类型
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
# 开发时关闭缓存,不然没法看到实时页面
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
# 默认路径
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
# 后缀
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html
# 启用MVC Thymeleaf视图分辨率
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
#使用H2 控制台
spring.h2.console.enabled=true

注意最后一行，可以在控制台查看H2数据库

如上创建了一条数据，可以在如下链接中查看H2数据库  JDBC URL 默认为  jdbc:h2:mem:testdb

  连接后，显示如下

若连接本地数据库MySQL则添加部分配置信息如下：

#MySQL数据库
# 服务器端口，如果不配置默认是8080端口
server.port=8080 
# 数据库设置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/blog?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&characterEncoding=utf8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

#JPA
#控制台输出格式化的sql
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format-sql=true
#每次程序结束的时候会清空表
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create-drop

启动SpringBoot  其中部分信息部分如下

Hibernate: drop table if exists user
Hibernate: create table user (id bigint not null auto_increment, email varchar(255), name varchar(255), primary key (id))

访问页面如下：

注意：这时候，已经有了MySQL数据库，则H2内存数据库就查询不到了