Server Tomcat v*.* Server at localhost failed to start.

Tomcat 无法启动

解法提示：问题的突破口——先解决类似于

“

Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Lorg/apache/commons/logging/Log; 
及
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.Log

”等等这种明显的缺包错误。

对于这个错误在网上有太多的表述，总结如下：

（1）web.xml中的<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>书写错了：这个路径的最前面必须以"/"开头，代表在classpath路径下。

（2）web.xml的头文件的版本号过高了：若是3.0以上，将其换成2.5等等（摘一个示例如下）：

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

（3）部分jar的版本问题，造成该错误。有人指出删除下面的包，错误得解：

 icu4j-2.6.1.jar 、 jdom-1.0.jar、xalan-2.6.0.jar、xercesImpl-2.8.1.jar、xml-apis-1.3.02.jar、xmlParserAPIs-2.6.2.jar、xom-1.0.jar 。

还有的朋友赞成此观点，但是其他jar造成的。

（4）我的情况是：同样的jar包，放在maven中与放在lib下——是不同的。放在lib下，则不报此错误（为什么？）。

总结一句话：报“A child container failed during start”错误，造成的原因较多，总结为两方面：①web.xml配置文件写错，请仔细检查，或直接更换；②jar冲突或缺失；

实例

报错信息摘录如下：

严重: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/springMVC1]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:188)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1122)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1574)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1564)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/springMVC1]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Lorg/apache/commons/logging/Log;
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields0(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredFields(Class.java:2436)
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredFields(Class.java:1806)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.Introspection.getDeclaredFields(Introspection.java:106)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadFieldsAnnotation(WebAnnotationSet.java:270)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationServletAnnotations(WebAnnotationSet.java:139)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationAnnotations(WebAnnotationSet.java:65)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.applicationAnnotationsConfig(ContextConfig.java:415)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:892)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:386)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5405)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.Log
	at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1858)
	at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1709)
	... 20 more

六月 12, 2016 7:50:24 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
严重: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:188)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1122)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:739)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:689)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:321)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:455)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1574)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1564)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1130)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more

六月 12, 2016 7:50:24 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
严重: The required Server component failed to start so Tomcat is unable to start.
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardServer[8005]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:689)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:321)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:455)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardService[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:739)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 7 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1130)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:300)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 11 more

同样的jar包，放在maven中与放在lib下——是不同的。放在lib下，则不报此错误（为什么？）