写博客,整理下自己学的零散的知识。说得好不如做得好,开始!
android使用蓝牙4.0的条件:Android API Level 要在18及以上,即android 4.3以上。
一、蓝牙的几个参数:
1.1 BluetoothGatt
继承BluetoothProfile,通过BluetoothGatt可以连接设备(connect),发现服务(discoverServices),并把相应地属性返回到BluetoothGattCallback
1.2 BluetoothGattCharacteristic
相当于一个数据类型,它包括一个value和0~n个value的描述(BluetoothGattDescriptor)
1.3 BluetoothGattDescriptor
描述符,对Characteristic的描述,包括范围、计量单位等
1.4 BluetoothGattService
服务,Characteristic的集合。
1.5 BluetoothProfile
一个通用的规范,按照这个规范来收发数据。
1.6 BluetoothManager
通过BluetoothManager来获取BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
1.7 BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
1.8 BluetoothGattCallback
已经连接上设备,对设备的某些操作后返回的结果。这里必须提醒下,已经连接上设备后的才可以返回,没有返回的认真看看有没有连接上设备。
private BluetoothGattCallback GattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
// 这里有9个要实现的方法,看情况要实现那些,用到那些就实现那些
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState){};
public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status){};
};
BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
BluetoothGatt gatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
1.8.1:notification对应onCharacteristicChanged;
gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, true);
1.8.2:readCharacteristic对应onCharacteristicRead;
gatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
1.8.3: writeCharacteristic对应onCharacteristicWrite;
gatt.wirteCharacteristic(mCurrentcharacteristic);
1.8.4:连接蓝牙或者断开蓝牙 对应 onConnectionStateChange;
1.8.5: readDescriptor对应onDescriptorRead;
1.8.6:writeDescriptor对应onDescriptorWrite;
gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
1.8.7:readRemoteRssi对应onReadRemoteRssi;
gatt.readRemoteRssi()
1.8.8:executeReliableWrite对应onReliableWriteCompleted;
1.8.9:discoverServices对应onServicesDiscovered。
gatt.discoverServices()
1.9 BluetoothDevice
扫描后发现可连接的设备,获取已经连接的设备
二、蓝牙权限与是否支持蓝牙4.0
1.使用蓝牙要打开相关权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
其中,如果android.hardware.bluetooth_le设置为false,可以安装在不支持的设备上使用。
2.判断是否支持蓝牙4.0
方法1:
<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:12px;">if (!mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(
PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.ble_not_supported,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}</span>
方法2:
<span style="font-family:SimSun;">BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager)getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
BluetoothManager BmBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.ble_not_supported,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}</span>
三.蓝牙打开与关闭
1.强制打开,不提示用户
<span style="font-family:SimSun;">//true为强制打开成功,false为失败
public static boolean turnOnBluetooth() {
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (bluetoothAdapter != null){
return bluetoothAdapter.enable();
}
return false;
}</span>
2.调用系统弹出框提示用户打开
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><pre name="code" class="java">public class MainActivity extends Activity{
//自定义的打开 Bluetooth 的请求码,与 onActivityResult 中返回的 requestCode 匹配。
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_BLUETOOTH_ON = 999;
//Bluetooth 设备可见时间,单位:秒。
private static final int BLUETOOTH_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION = 300;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if ((BluetoothManager.isBluetoothSupported())
&& (!BluetoothManager.isBluetoothEnabled())){
this.turnOnBluetooth();
}
}
//弹出系统弹框提示用户打开 Bluetooth
private void turnOnBluetooth() {
// 请求打开 Bluetooth
Intent requestBluetoothOn = new Intent(
BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
// 设置 Bluetooth 设备可以被其它 Bluetooth 设备扫描到
requestBluetoothOn.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
// 设置 Bluetooth 设备可见时间
requestBluetoothOn.putExtra(
BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,
BLUETOOTH_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION);
// 请求开启 Bluetooth
this.startActivityForResult(requestBluetoothOn,
REQUEST_CODE_BLUETOOTH_ON);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
// requestCode 与请求开启 Bluetooth 传入的 requestCode 相对应
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_BLUETOOTH_ON){
switch (resultCode){
// 点击确认按钮
case Activity.RESULT_OK:
// 用户选择开启 Bluetooth,Bluetooth 会被开启
break;
// 点击取消按钮或点击返回键
case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:
// TODO 用户拒绝打开 Bluetooth, Bluetooth 不会被开启
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}</span>
3.跳转到系统设置中让用户手动打开
<span style="font-family:SimSun;">this.startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS));
</span>
4.强制关闭蓝牙
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"> //强制关闭 Bluetooth 成功 false:强制关闭 Bluetooth 失败
public static boolean turnOffBluetooth(){
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (bluetoothAdapter != null){
return bluetoothAdapter.disable();
}
return false;
}</span>
5.跳转到系统设置中让用户手动关闭
<span style="font-family:SimSun;">this.startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS));
</span>
四、扫描设备并连接设备
1.通过startLeScan查找LE设备,并实现LeScanCallback作为参数
注意点:
a、一旦找到所查找的设备,立即停止扫描;
b、要么搜索经典蓝牙,要么搜索BLE,两者不能同时搜索
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"> private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;
private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {
if (enable) {
// Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mScanning = false;
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
invalidateOptionsMenu();
}
}, SCAN_PERIOD);
mScanning = true;
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
} else {
mScanning = false;
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
}
}</span>
2.设备扫描的回调(此时将获得设备信息)
<span style="font-family:SimSun;">private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =
new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
@Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//通过这个device获取设备的name、address、uuid等信息
mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
}
};</span>
3.建立BluetoothGattService服务
主要用来管理连接服务和数据托管在一个给定的蓝牙LE设备GATT服务器通信。
<span style="font-family:SimSun;">import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
/**
* 用来管理连接服务和数据托管在一个给定的蓝牙LE设备GATT服务器通信
*/
public class BluetoothLeService extends Service {
private final boolean D = false;
private final static String TAG = BluetoothLeService.class.getSimpleName();
private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
private String mBluetoothDeviceAddress;
private int mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
public int m_rssi;
private static final int STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0;
private static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 1;
private static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 2;
public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
public final static String EXTRA_DATA = "com.example.bluetooth.le.EXTRA_DATA";
public final static UUID UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT = UUID
.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT);
public final static UUID UUID_ISSC_RX = UUID
.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.ISSC_CHAR_RX_UUID);
// 实现GATT的事件回调接口,例如:连接更改和服务发现
private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status,
int newState) {
String intentAction;
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
if (D)
Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
boolean result = mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
if (D)
Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:"
+ result);
} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
if (D)
Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
}
}
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
} else {
if (D)
Log.e(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status);
}
@Override
public void onReliableWriteCompleted(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
super.onReliableWriteCompleted(gatt, status);
}
@Override
public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {
m_rssi = rssi;
// Log.e("RSSI", "rssi: " + m_rssi);
// super.onReadRemoteRssi(gatt, rssi, status);
}
};
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data
// parsing is
// carried out as per profile specifications:
// http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xml
if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
int flag = characteristic.getProperties();
int format = -1;
if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) {
format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.");
} else {
format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.");
}
final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1);
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate));
// intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
} else {
// For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
if (Public.b_ascii_mode) {
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n");
} else {
final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(
data.length);
for (byte byteChar : data) {
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));
}
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, stringBuilder.toString() + "\n");
}
}
}
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
BluetoothLeService getService() {
return BluetoothLeService.this;
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
// 使用一个给定的设备之后,你应该确保 BluetoothGatt.close()在资源被完全清理后执行的,在这个特定的示例中,
// close() 应该是UI和服务已经断开的时候被调用
close();
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
// 初始化蓝牙适配器
public boolean initialize() {
// API 18及以上,就可以通过bluetoothmanager管理蓝牙适配器.
if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
if (D)
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");
return false;
}
}
mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
if (D)
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 连接到托管在BLE设备的GATT服务器。
*
* @param adress
*
* @return 如果连接成功启动,则返回true。通过回调异步报告连接结果。
*/
public boolean connect(final String address) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
if (D)
Log.w(TAG,
"BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
return false;
}
if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null
&& address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
&& mBluetoothGatt != null) {
if (D)
Log.d(TAG,
"Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter
.getRemoteDevice(address);
if (device == null) {
if (D)
Log.w(TAG, "Device not found. Unable to connect.");
return false;
}
// 直接连接到设备,所以我们设置自动连接参数为false。
mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
if (D)
Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
return true;
}
public void update_rssi() {
if (mBluetoothGatt != null) {
mBluetoothGatt.readRemoteRssi();
}
}
public int get_rssi() {
return m_rssi;
}
/**
* Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The
* disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the callback.
* {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
*
*/
public void disconnect() {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
if (D)
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
}
/**
* After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure
* resources are released properly.
*/
public void close() {
if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.close();
mBluetoothGatt = null;
}
/**
* Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read
* result is reported asynchronously through the
* {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
* callback.
*
* @param characteristic
* The characteristic to read from.
*/
public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
if (D)
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
public void writeCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
byte[] value) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
}
final int charaProp = characteristic.getProperties();
if ((charaProp | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE) > 0) {
characteristic
.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE);
} else {
characteristic
.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_DEFAULT);
}
characteristic.setValue(value);
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);
// mBluetoothGatt.beginReliableWrite();
// mBluetoothGatt.executeReliableWrite();
}
/**
* Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
*
* @param characteristic
* Characteristic to act on.
* @param enabled
* If true, enable notification. False otherwise.
*/
public void setCharacteristicNotification(
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean enabled) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
if (D)
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
// This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic
.getDescriptor(UUID
.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descriptor
.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
}
if (UUID_ISSC_RX.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic
.getDescriptor(UUID
.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
if (descriptor != null) {
descriptor
.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
}
}
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This
* should be invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()}
* completes successfully.
*
* @return A {@code List} of supported services.
*/
public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
if (mBluetoothGatt == null)
return null;
return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
}
}
</span>
4.绑定service,创建ServiceConnection建立连接,注册BroadcastReceiver来接受蓝牙传回的数据
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"> Intent gattServiceIntent = new Intent(this,BicycleBluetoothService.class);
bindService(gattServiceIntent, mBicycleServiceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
Public.bicycle_ascii_mode = false;
mHandler = new Handler();
registerReceiver(mBicycleGattUpdateReceiverBicycle,makeBicycleGattUpdateIntentFilter());</span>
ServiceConnection和BroadcastReceiver不在此列出来
最后销毁Activity的时候不要忘记解绑service、注销广播。
最后希望我的博客能够给你一点帮助。
参考2:http://www.2cto.com/kf/201411/349575.html