目录
3.1 修改demo-service-provider工程(生产者)
3.1.1 在pom.xml中,添加springcloud的相关依赖
3.2.4 修改Controller代码,用DiscoveryClient类的方法,根据服务名称,获取服务实例:
4.2 启动第二EeurekaServer 再次修改demo-eureka的配置并在idea中重新配置一个启动器
6.1.1 在消费者引导类上的RestTemplate配置方法上添加@LoadBalanced注解
6.1.2 修改调用方式,不再手动获取ip和端口,而是直接通过服务名称调用
一、原理图
二、搭建EurekaServer
2.1 完整pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.demo.eureka</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.2 application.yml配置
server:
port: 10086 # 端口
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server # 应用名称,会在Eureka中显示
eureka:
client:
service-url: # EurekaServer的地址,现在是自己的地址,如果是集群,需要加上其它Server的地址。
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:${server.port}/eureka
#fetch-registry: false
#register-with-eureka: false
2.3 在引导类(启动类)上添加@EnableEurekaServer注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer // 声明当前springboot应用是一个eureka服务中心
public class DemoEurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoEurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
三、注册到Eureka
3.1 修改demo-service-provider工程(生产者)
3.1.1 在pom.xml中,添加springcloud的相关依赖
(1)springCloud依赖
<!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
(2)Eureka客户端
<!-- Eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
(3)完整pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.demo.service</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-service-provider</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>demo-service-provider</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 需要手动引入通用mapper的启动器,spring没有收录该依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.1.2 修改application.yml配置
server:
port: 8081
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ts
username: root
password: root
driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
application:
name: service-provider # 应用名称,注册到eureka后的服务名称
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.demo.service.pojo
eureka:
client:
service-url: # EurekaServer地址
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
这里我们添加了spring.application.name属性来指定应用名称,将来会作为应用的id使用。
3.1.3 在引导类上开启Eureka客户端功能
添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解(如果使用其他注册中心,此注解通用,所以优先选择)
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class DemoServiceProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.2 从Eureka获取服务,修改消费者
方法与生产者类似
3.2.1 完整pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.demo.consumer</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-service-consumer</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.2.2 修改application.yml配置
server:
port: 80
spring:
application:
name: service-consumer
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:10086/eureka
3.2.3 在启动类开启Eureka客户端
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class DemoServiceConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoServiceConsumerApplication.class);
}
@Bean
//@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
3.2.4 修改Controller代码,用DiscoveryClient类的方法,根据服务名称,获取服务实例:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; //eureka客户端,可以获取到eureka中服务的信息
@GetMapping
public User queryUserById(@RequestParam("id") Long id){
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("service-provider");
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = instances.get(0);
// 获取ip和端口信息,拼接成服务地址
String baseUrl = "http://" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort() + "/user/" + id;
//String baseUrl = "http://service-provider/user/" + id;
User user = this.restTemplate.getForObject(baseUrl, User.class);
return user;
}
}
四、搭建高可用的EurekaServer
4.1启动第一个EurekaServer,修改原来的配置:
server:
port: 10086 # 端口
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server # 应用名称,会在Eureka中显示
eureka:
client:
service-url: # 配置其他Eureka服务的地址,而不是自己,比如10087
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka
所谓的高可用注册中心,其实就是把EurekaServer自己也作为一个服务进行注册,这样多个EurekaServer之间就能互相发现对方,从而形成集群。因此我们做了以下修改:
把service-url的值改成了另外一台EurekaServer的地址,而不是自己
4.2 启动第二EeurekaServer 再次修改demo-eureka的配置并在idea中重新配置一个启动器
server:
port: 10087 # 端口
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server # 应用名称,会在Eureka中显示
eureka:
client:
service-url: # 配置其他Eureka服务的地址,而不是自己,比如10087
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
4.3 客户端注册服务到集群
eureka:
client:
service-url: # EurekaServer地址,多个地址以','隔开
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka
五、开发常用配置
5.1 服务提供者续约
服务提供者要向EurekaServer注册服务,并且完成服务续约等工作。
默认配置
eureka:
instance:
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 90
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 30
也就是说,默认情况下每个30秒服务会向注册中心发送一次心跳,证明自己还活着。如果超过90秒没有发送心跳,EurekaServer就会认为该服务宕机,会从服务列表中移除,这两个值在生产环境不要修改,默认即可。
但是在开发时,这个值有点太长了,经常我们关掉一个服务,会发现Eureka依然认为服务在活着。所以我们在开发阶段可以适当调小
修改后
eureka:
instance:
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 # 10秒即过期
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 # 5秒一次心跳
5.2 服务消费者获取服务列表
当服务消费者启动时,会检测
eureka.client.fetch-registry=true
参数的值,如果为true,则会拉取Eureka Server服务的列表只读备份,然后缓存在本地。并且每隔30秒
会重新获取并更新数据。我们可以通过下面的参数来修改:
eureka:
client:
registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5
5.3 EurekaServer失效剔除和自我保护
服务下线
当服务进行正常关闭操作时,它会触发一个服务下线的REST请求给Eureka Server,告诉服务注册中心:“我要下线了”。服务中心接受到请求之后,将该服务置为下线状态。
失效剔除
有些时候,我们的服务提供方并不一定会正常下线,可能因为内存溢出、网络故障等原因导致服务无法正常工作。Eureka Server需要将这样的服务剔除出服务列表。因此它会开启一个定时任务,每隔60秒对所有失效的服务(超过90秒未响应)进行剔除。
可以通过eureka.server.eviction-interval-timer-in-ms
参数对其进行修改,单位是毫秒,生产环境不要修改。
这个会对我们开发带来极大的不变,你对服务重启,隔了60秒Eureka才反应过来。开发阶段可以适当调整,比如:10秒
自我保护
我们关停一个服务,就会在Eureka面板看到一条警告:
这是触发了Eureka的自我保护机制。当一个服务未按时进行心跳续约时,Eureka会统计最近15分钟心跳失败的服务实例的比例是否超过了85%。在生产环境下,因为网络延迟等原因,心跳失败实例的比例很有可能超标,但是此时就把服务剔除列表并不妥当,因为服务可能没有宕机。Eureka就会把当前实例的注册信息保护起来,不予剔除。生产环境下这很有效,保证了大多数服务依然可用。好死不如赖活着。
但是这给我们的开发带来了麻烦, 因此开发阶段我们都会关闭自我保护模式:(itcast-eureka)
eureka:
server:
enable-self-preservation: false # 关闭自我保护模式(缺省为打开)
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 10000 # 扫描失效服务的间隔时间(缺省为60*1000ms)
5.4 application.yml完整配置
5.4.1 EurekaServer
server:
port: 10086
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server #如果是eureka集群,那么spring应用名称是一样的
eureka:
client:
service-url: # EurekaServer的地址,现在是自己的地址,如果是集群,需要加上其它Server的地址。
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
fetch-registry: false #不向服务中心拉取服务列表
register-with-eureka: false #不向注册中心注册自己
instance:
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 # 10秒即过期
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 # 5秒一次心跳
server:
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 10000 #每隔10进行服务列表的剔除操作
enable-self-preservation: false # 关闭自我保护模式(缺省为打开)
5.4.2 生产者
server:
port: 8081
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hotel
username: root
password: root
application:
name: service-provider
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.demo.service.pojo
eureka:
client:
service-url: # EurekaServer地址
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
instance:
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 # 10秒即过期
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 # 5秒一次心跳
5.4.3 消费者
server:
port: 8089
spring:
application:
name: service-consumer
eureka:
client:
service-url: # EurekaServer地址
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #每5s重新获取服务列表进行缓存
5.5 完整pom文件
5.5.1 EurekaServer
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.demo.eureka</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
5.5.2 生产者
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.demo.service</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-service-provider</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 需要手动引入通用mapper的启动器,spring没有收录该依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
5.5.3 消费者
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.demo.consumer</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-service-consumer</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
六、负载均衡Ribbon
实际环境中,我们往往会开启很多个demo-service-provider的集群。此时我们获取的服务列表中就会有多个,到底该访问哪一个呢?
一般这种情况下我们就需要编写负载均衡算法,在多个实例列表中进行选择。
不过Eureka中已经帮我们集成了负载均衡组件:Ribbon,简单修改代码即可使用。
6.1 使用Ribbon实现负载均衡
6.1.1 在消费者引导类上的RestTemplate配置方法上添加@LoadBalanced注解
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
6.1.2 修改调用方式,不再手动获取ip和端口,而是直接通过服务名称调用
@RequestMapping
public Food queryById(@RequestParam("id") Integer id){
String baseUrl="http://SERVICE-PROVIDER/food/";
return this.restTemplate.getForObject(baseUrl+id,Food.class);
}
6.2 负载均衡策略
Ribbon默认的负载均衡策略是简单的轮询。并且提供了几个可供选择的算法
6.2.1 修改负载均衡算法
在application.yml文件中添加配置,格式为:
{服务名称}.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName
,值就是IRule的实现类。
service-provider:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
如果需要自定义负载均衡算法 那么只需要实现IRule接口即可