ListView万能适配器

本内容为慕课网hyman老师讲的,自己听完后所做的整理笔记。

一、传统的ListView每一个ListView都需要编写一个适配器类,就像下面的代码所展示的“标准流程”:
第一步:加入ListView标签

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv_listview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</RelativeLayout>

第二步:ListView的显示风格(最好加入下面这个属性,防止Item控件抢占焦点)

android:descendantFocusability="blocksDescendants"
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:descendantFocusability="blocksDescendants"
    android:padding="10dp" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:text="新的一天"
        android:textColor="#444"
        android:textSize="16sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_desc"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/tv_title"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:maxLines="2"
        android:minLines="1"
        android:text="万能ListView和GridView适配器"
        android:textColor="#898989"
        android:textSize="16sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_time"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/tv_desc"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:text="2016-1-1"
        android:textColor="#898989"
        android:textSize="12sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_phone"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_below="@id/tv_desc"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:background="#2ed667"
        android:drawableLeft="@drawable/pinguo"
        android:drawablePadding="5dp"
        android:padding="3dp"
        android:text="1295496725"
        android:textColor="#fff"
        android:textSize="12sp" />

</RelativeLayout>

第三步:编写数据源(这里为了省地方,未加入无参、有参构造器和get、set方法)

public class Bean {

    private String title;
    private String desc;
    private String time;
    private String phone;
}

第四步:编写适配器(基本上大同小异)

public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private LayoutInflater mInflater;
    private List<Bean> mDates;

    public MyAdapter(Context context, List<Bean> dates) {
        mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        mDates = dates;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mDates.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return mDates.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        ViewHolder holder = null;
        if (convertView == null) {
            convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_listview, parent, false);

            holder = new ViewHolder();
            holder.mTitle = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_title);
            holder.mDesc = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_desc);
            holder.mTime = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_time);
            holder.mPhone = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_phone);

            convertView.setTag(holder);
        } else {
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

        Bean bean = mDates.get(position);
        holder.mTitle.setText(bean.getTitle());
        holder.mDesc.setText(bean.getDesc());
        holder.mTime.setText(bean.getTime());
        holder.mPhone.setText(bean.getPhone());

        return convertView;
    }

    private class ViewHolder {

        TextView mTitle;
        TextView mDesc;
        TextView mTime;
        TextView mPhone;

    }

}

第五步:加载布局、数据源

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private ListView mListView;
    private List<Bean> mDates;
    private MyAdapter mAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initDates();

        initView();

    }

    private void initView() {

        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_listview);
        mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
    }

    private void initDates() {
        mDates = new ArrayList<Bean>();
        Bean bean = new Bean("新的一天1", "万能ListView和GridView适配器1", "2016-1-1", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天2", "万能ListView和GridView适配器2", "2016-1-2", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天3", "万能ListView和GridView适配器3", "2016-1-3", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天4", "万能ListView和GridView适配器4", "2016-1-4", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天5", "万能ListView和GridView适配器5", "2016-1-5", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天6", "万能ListView和GridView适配器6", "2016-1-6", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天7", "万能ListView和GridView适配器7", "2016-1-7", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);

        mAdapter = new MyAdapter(this, mDates);
    }

}

效果如图:
这里写图片描述

二、ViewHolder优化:
通用的ViewHolder类:convertView.setTag(holder);
ViewHolder:Item各种控件的引用。
思路:
加入一个容器:Map,用SparseArrar效率比Map高。
获取:getView(int id);

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        ViewHolder holder = . . .;
        TextView tv = holder.getView(viewId);
        tv.setText(. . .);
        }

ViewHolder 通用类:

public class ViewHolder {

    private SparseArray<View> mViews;
    private int mPosition;
    private View mConvertView;

    public ViewHolder(Context context, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
        this.mPosition = position;
        this.mViews = new SparseArray<View>();

        mConvertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutId, parent, false);
        mConvertView.setTag(this);
    }

    public static ViewHolder get(Context context, View convertView, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
        if (convertView == null) {
            return new ViewHolder(context, parent, layoutId, position);
        } else {
            ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
            holder.mPosition = position;
            return holder;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通过viewId获取控件
     * @param viewId
     * @return
     */
    public <T extends View> T getView(int viewId) {
        View view = mViews.get(viewId);
        if (view == null) {
            view = mConvertView.findViewById(viewId);
            mViews.put(viewId, view);
        }
        return (T) view;
    }

    // 对外提供的方法
    public View getConvertView() {
        return mConvertView;
    }

}

在自定义适配器里(MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder):

@Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        // ViewHolder可以浓缩为这一行。
        ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent, R.layout.item_listview, position);

        Bean bean = mDates.get(position);

        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());

        return holder.getConvertView();
    }

最后替换这一行就行了:

//      mAdapter = new MyAdapter(this, mDates);
        mAdapter = new MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder(this, mDates);

完美运行。。。
三、初步优化Adapter:

/**
 * 万能适配器基类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 * @param <T>
 */
public abstract class CommonAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter {

    protected LayoutInflater mInflater;
    protected Context mContext;
    protected List<T> mDates;

    public CommonAdapter(Context context, List<T> dates) {
        this.mContext = context;
        mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        this.mDates = dates;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mDates.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return mDates.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    // 将这个方法抽象
    @Override
    public abstract View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) ;

}

在自定义适配器里:

public class MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder extends CommonAdapter<Bean>{

    public MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder(Context context, List<Bean> dates) {
        super(context, dates);
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        // ViewHolder可以浓缩为这一行。
        ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent, R.layout.item_listview, position);

        Bean bean = mDates.get(position);

        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());

        return holder.getConvertView();
    }

}

四、再次优化:
用户所需要的是这几行代码:

Bean bean = mDates.get(position);

        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());

修改CommonAdapter中getView代码:

/**
 * 万能适配器基类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 * @param <T>
 */
public abstract class CommonAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter {

    protected LayoutInflater mInflater;
    protected Context mContext;
    protected List<T> mDates;

    public CommonAdapter(Context context, List<T> dates) {
        this.mContext = context;
        mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        this.mDates = dates;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mDates.size();
    }

    @Override
    public T getItem(int position) {
        return mDates.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent,
                R.layout.item_listview, position);

        convert(holder, getItem(position));
        return holder.getConvertView();
    }

    public abstract void convert(ViewHolder holder, T t);

}
public class MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder extends CommonAdapter<Bean> {

    public MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder(Context context, List<Bean> dates) {
        super(context, dates);
    }

    @Override
    public void convert(ViewHolder holder, Bean bean) {

        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
        ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());

    }

}

简化后只有10行代码。
五、没有最懒,只有更懒:

/**
     * 对外提供的getConvertView()方法
     * @return convertView
     */
    public View getConvertView() {
        return mConvertView;
    }

    /**
     * 封装了TextView获取值的方法
     * @param viewId 控件的Id
     * @param text TextView显示的文本
     * @return
     */
    public ViewHolder setText(int viewId, String text) {
        TextView tv = getView(viewId);
        tv.setText(text);
        return this;
    }
//      ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
//      ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
//      ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
//      ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());

        holder.setText(R.id.tv_title, bean.getTitle())
              .setText(R.id.tv_desc, bean.getDesc())
              .setText(R.id.tv_time, bean.getTime())
              .setText(R.id.tv_phone, bean.getPhone());

六、完整的万能适配器(utils):

public class ViewHolder {

    private SparseArray<View> mViews;
    private int mPosition;
    private View mConvertView;

    public ViewHolder(Context context, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
        this.mPosition = position;
        this.mViews = new SparseArray<View>();

        mConvertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutId, parent, false);
        mConvertView.setTag(this);
    }

    /**
     * 封装ViewHolder判空方法
     * 
     * @param context
     *            Context
     * @param convertView
     *            View
     * @param parent
     *            ViewGroup
     * @param layoutId
     *            布局Id(int)
     * @param position
     *            (int)
     * @return holder
     */
    public static ViewHolder get(Context context, View convertView, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
        if (convertView == null) {
            return new ViewHolder(context, parent, layoutId, position);
        } else {
            ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
            holder.mPosition = position;
            return holder;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通过viewId获取控件
     * 
     * @param viewId
     * @return
     */
    public <T extends View> T getView(int viewId) {
        View view = mViews.get(viewId);
        if (view == null) {
            view = mConvertView.findViewById(viewId);
            mViews.put(viewId, view);
        }
        return (T) view;
    }

    /**
     * 对外提供的方法
     * 
     * @return convertView
     */
    public View getConvertView() {
        return mConvertView;
    }

    /**
     * 封装了TextView获取值的方法
     * 
     * @param viewId
     *            TextView控件的Id
     * @param text
     *            TextView显示的文本
     * @return
     */
    public ViewHolder setText(int viewId, String text) {
        TextView tv = getView(viewId);
        tv.setText(text);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * 获取图片
     * 
     * @param viewId
     *            ImageView控件的Id
     * @param resId
     *            图片Id
     * @return
     */
    public ViewHolder setImageResourse(int viewId, int resId) {
        ImageView view = getView(viewId);
        view.setImageResource(resId);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * 获取Bitmap图片
     * 
     * @param viewId
     *            ImageView控件的Id
     * @param bitmap
     * @return
     */
    public ViewHolder setImageBitmap(int viewId, Bitmap bitmap) {
        ImageView view = getView(viewId);
        view.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * 网络图片的加载
     * 
     * @param viewId
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public ViewHolder setImageURL(int viewId, String url) {
        ImageView view = getView(viewId);
        // Imageloader图片下载方法需自己实现
        // Imageloader.getInstance().load(view, url);
        return this;
    }

}
/**
 * 万能适配器基类
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 * @param <T>
 */
public abstract class CommonAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter {

    protected LayoutInflater mInflater;
    protected Context mContext;
    protected List<T> mDates;
    private int layoutId;

    public CommonAdapter(Context context, List<T> dates, int layoutId) {
        this.mContext = context;
        mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        this.mDates = dates;
        this.layoutId = layoutId;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mDates.size();
    }

    @Override
    public T getItem(int position) {
        return mDates.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent,
                layoutId, position);

        convert(holder, getItem(position));
        return holder.getConvertView();
    }

    /**
     * 
     * @param holder
     *            ViewHolder
     * @param t
     *            数据源
     */
    public abstract void convert(ViewHolder holder, T t);

}

在Activity中:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private ListView mListView;
    private List<Bean> mDates;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initDates();

        initView();

    }

    private void initView() {

        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_listview);
        // 通过内部类的方式实现
        mListView.setAdapter(new CommonAdapter<Bean>(MainActivity.this, mDates, R.layout.item_listview) {

            @Override
            public void convert(ViewHolder holder, Bean bean) {
                holder.setText(R.id.tv_title, bean.getTitle())
                      .setText(R.id.tv_desc, bean.getDesc())
                      .setText(R.id.tv_time, bean.getTime())
                      .setText(R.id.tv_phone, bean.getPhone());
            }
        });
    }

    private void initDates() {
        mDates = new ArrayList<Bean>();
        Bean bean = new Bean("新的一天1", "万能ListView和GridView适配器1", "2016-1-1", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天2", "万能ListView和GridView适配器2", "2016-1-2", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天3", "万能ListView和GridView适配器3", "2016-1-3", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天4", "万能ListView和GridView适配器4", "2016-1-4", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天5", "万能ListView和GridView适配器5", "2016-1-5", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天6", "万能ListView和GridView适配器6", "2016-1-6", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);
        bean = new Bean("新的一天7", "万能ListView和GridView适配器7", "2016-1-7", "1295496725");
        mDates.add(bean);

    }

}
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