本内容为慕课网hyman老师讲的,自己听完后所做的整理笔记。
一、传统的ListView每一个ListView都需要编写一个适配器类,就像下面的代码所展示的“标准流程”:
第一步:加入ListView标签
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<ListView
android:id="@+id/lv_listview"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</RelativeLayout>
第二步:ListView的显示风格(最好加入下面这个属性,防止Item控件抢占焦点)
android:descendantFocusability="blocksDescendants"
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:descendantFocusability="blocksDescendants"
android:padding="10dp" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_title"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:singleLine="true"
android:text="新的一天"
android:textColor="#444"
android:textSize="16sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_desc"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/tv_title"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:maxLines="2"
android:minLines="1"
android:text="万能ListView和GridView适配器"
android:textColor="#898989"
android:textSize="16sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_time"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/tv_desc"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:text="2016-1-1"
android:textColor="#898989"
android:textSize="12sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_phone"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_below="@id/tv_desc"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:background="#2ed667"
android:drawableLeft="@drawable/pinguo"
android:drawablePadding="5dp"
android:padding="3dp"
android:text="1295496725"
android:textColor="#fff"
android:textSize="12sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
第三步:编写数据源(这里为了省地方,未加入无参、有参构造器和get、set方法)
public class Bean {
private String title;
private String desc;
private String time;
private String phone;
}
第四步:编写适配器(基本上大同小异)
public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
private List<Bean> mDates;
public MyAdapter(Context context, List<Bean> dates) {
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
mDates = dates;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mDates.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return mDates.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder = null;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_listview, parent, false);
holder = new ViewHolder();
holder.mTitle = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_title);
holder.mDesc = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_desc);
holder.mTime = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_time);
holder.mPhone = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_phone);
convertView.setTag(holder);
} else {
holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
Bean bean = mDates.get(position);
holder.mTitle.setText(bean.getTitle());
holder.mDesc.setText(bean.getDesc());
holder.mTime.setText(bean.getTime());
holder.mPhone.setText(bean.getPhone());
return convertView;
}
private class ViewHolder {
TextView mTitle;
TextView mDesc;
TextView mTime;
TextView mPhone;
}
}
第五步:加载布局、数据源
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ListView mListView;
private List<Bean> mDates;
private MyAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initDates();
initView();
}
private void initView() {
mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_listview);
mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private void initDates() {
mDates = new ArrayList<Bean>();
Bean bean = new Bean("新的一天1", "万能ListView和GridView适配器1", "2016-1-1", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天2", "万能ListView和GridView适配器2", "2016-1-2", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天3", "万能ListView和GridView适配器3", "2016-1-3", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天4", "万能ListView和GridView适配器4", "2016-1-4", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天5", "万能ListView和GridView适配器5", "2016-1-5", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天6", "万能ListView和GridView适配器6", "2016-1-6", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天7", "万能ListView和GridView适配器7", "2016-1-7", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
mAdapter = new MyAdapter(this, mDates);
}
}
效果如图:
二、ViewHolder优化:
通用的ViewHolder类:convertView.setTag(holder);
ViewHolder:Item各种控件的引用。
思路:
加入一个容器:Map,用SparseArrar效率比Map高。
获取:getView(int id);
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder = . . .;
TextView tv = holder.getView(viewId);
tv.setText(. . .);
}
ViewHolder 通用类:
public class ViewHolder {
private SparseArray<View> mViews;
private int mPosition;
private View mConvertView;
public ViewHolder(Context context, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
this.mPosition = position;
this.mViews = new SparseArray<View>();
mConvertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutId, parent, false);
mConvertView.setTag(this);
}
public static ViewHolder get(Context context, View convertView, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
if (convertView == null) {
return new ViewHolder(context, parent, layoutId, position);
} else {
ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
holder.mPosition = position;
return holder;
}
}
/**
* 通过viewId获取控件
* @param viewId
* @return
*/
public <T extends View> T getView(int viewId) {
View view = mViews.get(viewId);
if (view == null) {
view = mConvertView.findViewById(viewId);
mViews.put(viewId, view);
}
return (T) view;
}
// 对外提供的方法
public View getConvertView() {
return mConvertView;
}
}
在自定义适配器里(MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder):
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
// ViewHolder可以浓缩为这一行。
ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent, R.layout.item_listview, position);
Bean bean = mDates.get(position);
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());
return holder.getConvertView();
}
最后替换这一行就行了:
// mAdapter = new MyAdapter(this, mDates);
mAdapter = new MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder(this, mDates);
完美运行。。。
三、初步优化Adapter:
/**
* 万能适配器基类
* @author Administrator
*
* @param <T>
*/
public abstract class CommonAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter {
protected LayoutInflater mInflater;
protected Context mContext;
protected List<T> mDates;
public CommonAdapter(Context context, List<T> dates) {
this.mContext = context;
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
this.mDates = dates;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mDates.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return mDates.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
// 将这个方法抽象
@Override
public abstract View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) ;
}
在自定义适配器里:
public class MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder extends CommonAdapter<Bean>{
public MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder(Context context, List<Bean> dates) {
super(context, dates);
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
// ViewHolder可以浓缩为这一行。
ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent, R.layout.item_listview, position);
Bean bean = mDates.get(position);
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());
return holder.getConvertView();
}
}
四、再次优化:
用户所需要的是这几行代码:
Bean bean = mDates.get(position);
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());
修改CommonAdapter中getView代码:
/**
* 万能适配器基类
* @author Administrator
*
* @param <T>
*/
public abstract class CommonAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter {
protected LayoutInflater mInflater;
protected Context mContext;
protected List<T> mDates;
public CommonAdapter(Context context, List<T> dates) {
this.mContext = context;
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
this.mDates = dates;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mDates.size();
}
@Override
public T getItem(int position) {
return mDates.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent,
R.layout.item_listview, position);
convert(holder, getItem(position));
return holder.getConvertView();
}
public abstract void convert(ViewHolder holder, T t);
}
public class MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder extends CommonAdapter<Bean> {
public MyAdapterWithCommonViewHolder(Context context, List<Bean> dates) {
super(context, dates);
}
@Override
public void convert(ViewHolder holder, Bean bean) {
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());
}
}
简化后只有10行代码。
五、没有最懒,只有更懒:
/**
* 对外提供的getConvertView()方法
* @return convertView
*/
public View getConvertView() {
return mConvertView;
}
/**
* 封装了TextView获取值的方法
* @param viewId 控件的Id
* @param text TextView显示的文本
* @return
*/
public ViewHolder setText(int viewId, String text) {
TextView tv = getView(viewId);
tv.setText(text);
return this;
}
// ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_title)).setText(bean.getTitle());
// ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_desc)).setText(bean.getDesc());
// ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_time)).setText(bean.getTime());
// ((TextView) holder.getView(R.id.tv_phone)).setText(bean.getPhone());
holder.setText(R.id.tv_title, bean.getTitle())
.setText(R.id.tv_desc, bean.getDesc())
.setText(R.id.tv_time, bean.getTime())
.setText(R.id.tv_phone, bean.getPhone());
六、完整的万能适配器(utils):
public class ViewHolder {
private SparseArray<View> mViews;
private int mPosition;
private View mConvertView;
public ViewHolder(Context context, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
this.mPosition = position;
this.mViews = new SparseArray<View>();
mConvertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutId, parent, false);
mConvertView.setTag(this);
}
/**
* 封装ViewHolder判空方法
*
* @param context
* Context
* @param convertView
* View
* @param parent
* ViewGroup
* @param layoutId
* 布局Id(int)
* @param position
* (int)
* @return holder
*/
public static ViewHolder get(Context context, View convertView, ViewGroup parent, int layoutId, int position) {
if (convertView == null) {
return new ViewHolder(context, parent, layoutId, position);
} else {
ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
holder.mPosition = position;
return holder;
}
}
/**
* 通过viewId获取控件
*
* @param viewId
* @return
*/
public <T extends View> T getView(int viewId) {
View view = mViews.get(viewId);
if (view == null) {
view = mConvertView.findViewById(viewId);
mViews.put(viewId, view);
}
return (T) view;
}
/**
* 对外提供的方法
*
* @return convertView
*/
public View getConvertView() {
return mConvertView;
}
/**
* 封装了TextView获取值的方法
*
* @param viewId
* TextView控件的Id
* @param text
* TextView显示的文本
* @return
*/
public ViewHolder setText(int viewId, String text) {
TextView tv = getView(viewId);
tv.setText(text);
return this;
}
/**
* 获取图片
*
* @param viewId
* ImageView控件的Id
* @param resId
* 图片Id
* @return
*/
public ViewHolder setImageResourse(int viewId, int resId) {
ImageView view = getView(viewId);
view.setImageResource(resId);
return this;
}
/**
* 获取Bitmap图片
*
* @param viewId
* ImageView控件的Id
* @param bitmap
* @return
*/
public ViewHolder setImageBitmap(int viewId, Bitmap bitmap) {
ImageView view = getView(viewId);
view.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
return this;
}
/**
* 网络图片的加载
*
* @param viewId
* @param url
* @return
*/
public ViewHolder setImageURL(int viewId, String url) {
ImageView view = getView(viewId);
// Imageloader图片下载方法需自己实现
// Imageloader.getInstance().load(view, url);
return this;
}
}
/**
* 万能适配器基类
*
* @author Administrator
*
* @param <T>
*/
public abstract class CommonAdapter<T> extends BaseAdapter {
protected LayoutInflater mInflater;
protected Context mContext;
protected List<T> mDates;
private int layoutId;
public CommonAdapter(Context context, List<T> dates, int layoutId) {
this.mContext = context;
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
this.mDates = dates;
this.layoutId = layoutId;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mDates.size();
}
@Override
public T getItem(int position) {
return mDates.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder = ViewHolder.get(mContext, convertView, parent,
layoutId, position);
convert(holder, getItem(position));
return holder.getConvertView();
}
/**
*
* @param holder
* ViewHolder
* @param t
* 数据源
*/
public abstract void convert(ViewHolder holder, T t);
}
在Activity中:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ListView mListView;
private List<Bean> mDates;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initDates();
initView();
}
private void initView() {
mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_listview);
// 通过内部类的方式实现
mListView.setAdapter(new CommonAdapter<Bean>(MainActivity.this, mDates, R.layout.item_listview) {
@Override
public void convert(ViewHolder holder, Bean bean) {
holder.setText(R.id.tv_title, bean.getTitle())
.setText(R.id.tv_desc, bean.getDesc())
.setText(R.id.tv_time, bean.getTime())
.setText(R.id.tv_phone, bean.getPhone());
}
});
}
private void initDates() {
mDates = new ArrayList<Bean>();
Bean bean = new Bean("新的一天1", "万能ListView和GridView适配器1", "2016-1-1", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天2", "万能ListView和GridView适配器2", "2016-1-2", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天3", "万能ListView和GridView适配器3", "2016-1-3", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天4", "万能ListView和GridView适配器4", "2016-1-4", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天5", "万能ListView和GridView适配器5", "2016-1-5", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天6", "万能ListView和GridView适配器6", "2016-1-6", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
bean = new Bean("新的一天7", "万能ListView和GridView适配器7", "2016-1-7", "1295496725");
mDates.add(bean);
}
}