TMMI_测试过程改进框架3

2.5 Level 4 Measured Achieving the goals of TMMi level 2 and 3 has the benefits of putting into place a technical, managerial, and staffing infrastructure capable of thorough testing and providing support for test process improvement. With this infrastructure in place, testing can become a measured process to encourage further growth and accomplishment. In TMMi level 4 organizations, testing is a thoroughly defined, well-founded and measurable process. Testing is perceived as evaluation; it consists of all lifecycle activities concerned with checking products and related work products. An organization-wide test measurement program will be put into place that can be used to evaluate the quality of the testing process, to assess productivity, and to monitor improvements. Measures are incorporated into the organization’s measurement repository to support fact-based decision making. A test measurement program also supports predictions relating to test performance and cost. With respect to product quality, the presence of a measurement program allows an organization to implement a product quality evaluation process by defining quality needs, quality attributes and quality metrics. (Work) products are evaluated using quantitative criteria for quality attributes such as reliability, usability and maintainability. Product quality is understood in quantitative terms and is managed to the defined objectives throughout the lifecycle. Reviews and inspections are considered to be part of the test process and are used to measure product quality early in the lifecycle and to formally control quality gates. Peer reviews as a defect detection technique is transformed into a product quality measurement technique in line with the process area Product Quality Evaluation. TMMi level 4 also covers establishing a coordinated test approach between peer reviews (static testing) and dynamic testing and the and the use of peer review results and data to optimize the test approach with the objective to make testing both more effective and more efficient. Peer reviews are now fully integrated with the dynamic testing process, e.g. part of the test strategy, test plan and test approach. The process areas at TMMi level 4 are: 4.1 Test Measurement 4.2 Product Quality Evaluation 4.3 Advanced Reviews

第4级别，可测量级。达到了TMMI2和TMMI3的目标意味着我们测试全过程中在技术，管理，人员结构中都得到好处。同时对测试流程的提高提供支持。TMMI4的应用，测试会变成一个可测量的过程并且鼓励进一步的发展和完善。在TMM4组织中。测试是完全定义的，充分的，可测量的过程。测试被认为是评估，它包含了检查产品和相关产品等全生命周期的行为。一个组织级别的测试评估程序会被实施用来评估测试过程的质量。为了评估产品和监视产品提高。测量被纳入到组织测量方法库中用来支持基于事实的决定。测试测量机制能够预测测试性能和消耗。相互评审被充分的集成到动态测试过程中。TMMI4过程域包括下面几个方面

1. 测试度量

2.产品质量评估

3.高级审查

2.6 Level 5 Optimization The achievement of all previous test improvement goals at levels 1 through 4 of TMMi has created an organizational infrastructure for testing that supports a completely defined and measured process. At TMMi maturity level 5, an organization is capable of continually improving its processes based on a quantitative understanding of statistically controlled processes. Improving test process performance is carried out through incremental and innovative process  and technological improvements. The testing methods and techniques are constantly being optimized and there is a continuous focus on fine tuning and process improvement. An optimizing test process, as defined by the TMMi is one that is: - managed, defined, measured, efficient and effective - statistically controlled and predictable - focused on defect prevention - supported by automation as much is deemed an effective use of resources - able to support technology transfer from the industry to the organization - able to support re-use of test assets - focused on process change to achieve continuous improvement. To support the continuous improvement of the test process infrastructure, and to identify, plan and implement test improvements, a permanent test process improvement group is formally established and is staffed by members who have received specialized training to increase the level of their skills and knowledge required for the success of the group. In many organizations this group is called a Test Process Group. Support for a Test Process

第五级别，优化级别。前面TMMI1到TMMI4的测试提高目标是建立一个测试组织架构用来支持完整定义和测量的过程。在TMMI5,一个测试组织具备不断提高测试过程的能力。这种能力是建立在对静态控制过程的定量的理解。测试方法和技术被持续优化并且重点放在过程优化中。TMMI5定义的优化测试过程包括：

1。可管理的，已定义的，可测量的，高效的，可达到的

2.统计控制和预测

3. 焦距错误预防

4.支持技术转化从行业到组织

5.支持自动化

为了支持持续对测试过程优化改进，同时为了验证，计划和实施测试过程。一个稳定的测试过程改进小组建立。小组成员需要是进过特殊培训的，有足够的知识技能来帮助组织成功。

Group formally begins at TMMi level 3 when the test organization is introduced. At TMMi level 4 and 5, the responsibilities grow as more high level practices are introduced, e.g., identifying reusable test (process) assets and developing and maintaining the test (process) asset library. The Defect Prevention process area is established to identify and analyze common causes of defects across the development lifecycle and define actions to prevent similar defects from occurring in the future. Outliers to test process performance, as identified as part of process quality control, are analyzed to address their causes as part of Defect Prevention. The test process is now statistically managed by means of the Quality Control process area. Statistical sampling, measurements of confidence levels, trustworthiness, and reliability drive the test process. The test process is characterized by sampling-based quality measurements. At TMMi level 5, the Test Process Optimization process area introduces mechanisms to fine-tune and continuously improve testing. There is an established procedure to identify process enhancements as well as to select and evaluate new testing technologies. Tools support the test process as much as is effective during test design, test execution, regression testing, test case management, defect collection and analysis, etc. Process and testware reuse across the organization is also common practice and is supported by a test (process) asset library. The three TMMi level 5 process areas, Defect Prevention, Quality Control and Test Process Optimization all provide support for continuous process improvement. In fact, the three process areas are highly interrelated. For example, Defect Prevention supports Quality Control, e.g., by analyzing outliers to process performance and by implementing practices for defect causal analysis and prevention of defect re-occurrence. Quality Control contributes to Test Process Optimization, and Test Process Optimization supports both Defect Prevention and Quality Control, for example by implementing the test improvement proposals. All of these process areas are, in turn, supported by the practices that were acquired when the lower-level process areas were implemented. At TMMi level 5, testing is a process with the objective of preventing defects. The process areas at TMMi level 5 are: 5.1 Defect Prevention 5.2 Quality Control 5.3 Test Process Optimization

测试过程小组通常在TMMI3测试组长建立的时候被建立。在TMMI4和TMMI5，小组的责任升级因为更高水平的实践被引入。包括，验证重用资产和开发维护测试资产库。错误预防机制的进来和验证分析产品开发周期过程中一些bug的主要原因。定义处理未来一些小bug的机制和行为。bug预防是这部分的重点。错误预防，质量控制，和测试流程优化是这部分的重点。事实上，这3部分是高度关联的。错误预防支持了质量控制。