TMMI_测试过程改进框架_优化级别8

TMMi Level 5: Optimization 优化级别

The achievement of all previous test improvement goals at levels 1 through 4 of TMMi has created an organizational infrastructure for testing that supports a completely defined and measured process. At TMMi maturity level 5, an organization is capable of continually improving its processes based on a quantitative understanding of statistically controlled processes. Improving test process performance is carried out through incremental and innovative process and technological improvements. The testing methods and techniques are constantly being optimized and there is a continuous focus on fine-tuning and process improvement. An optimizing test process, as defined by the TMMi, is one that is:

所有前面的测试提升目标的成绩已经建立了一个测试组织架构，用于支持一个完整的已定义和可测量的过程。在TMMI5,组织具有持续提升流程的能力，基于定量的统计控制流程的理解。测试流程性能提升被执行，通过增加和革新过程和技术提升。测试模型和技术被持续优化，并且持续焦距在调整和过程提升上。一个优化测试流程，在TMMI被定义。

- managed, defined, measured, efficient and effective 管理级别，定义的，可测量的，高效且有用

- statistically controlled and predictable 统计地控制和预测

- focused on defect prevention 聚焦缺陷预防

- supported by automation as much as is deemed an effective use of resources 用自动化来支持被视为有效利用资源的方式

- able to support technology transfer from the industry to the organization 能够支持技术转化从行业到组织

- able to support re-use of test assets 支持测试资产重用

- focused on process change to achieve continuous improvement.聚焦过程改变来达到持续提升

To support the continuous improvement of the test process infrastructure, and to identify, plan and implement test improvements, a permanent test process improvement group is formally established and is staffed by members who have received specialized training to increase the level of their skills and knowledge required for the success of the group. In many organizations this group is called a Test Process Group. Support for a Test Process Group formally begins at TMMi level 3 when the test organization is introduced. At TMMi level 4 and 5 the responsibilities grow as more high level practices are introduced, e.g., identifying reusable test (process) assets and developing and maintaining the test (process) asset library.

为了支持持续的测试过程框架提升，为了验证，计划，和实施测试提升，一个不变的测试过程提升组织被正式建立并且被接受过特殊培训（增长技能和知识水平来满足达到组织成功的需要）的成员组成，在很多组织，这个团队被称为测试流程组织。被TPG支持是从TMMI3开始的。在TMMI4和tmmi5，责任增长因为更高级别的实践被介绍。比如，明确重用的测试流程资产和开发，维护测试流程资产库。

The Defect Prevention process area is established to identify and analyze common causes of defects across the development lifecycle and define actions to prevent similar defects from occurring in the future. Outliers to test process performance, as identified as part of process quality control, are analyzed to address their causes as part of Defect Prevention.

缺陷预防流程域被建立来明确和分析开发生命周期中缺陷出现的一般原因，已经定义预防这些缺陷在未来出现的应该采取的措施。测试流程性能的异常值，被明确作为流程质量控制的一部分。被分析来追踪原因作为缺陷预防的一部分。

The test process is now statistically managed by means of the Quality Control process area. Statistical sampling, measurements of confidence levels, trustworthiness, and reliability drive the test process. The test process is characterized by sampling-based quality measurements.

测试流程现在被统计地管理，通过质量控制流程域。统计抽样，信心水平测量，可信任度，可靠地驱动测试流程。测试流程的特征是基于抽样的质量测量。

At TMMi level 5, the Test Process Optimization process area introduces mechanisms to fine-tune and continuously improve testing. There is an established procedure to identify process enhancements as well as to select and evaluate new testing technologies. Tools support the test process as much as is effective during test design, test execution, regression testing, test case management, defect collection and analysis, etc. Process and testware reuse across the organization is also common practice and is supported by a test (process) asset library.

在TMMI5.测试过程优化流程域介绍了调整和持续提升测试的机制。有一个建立的过程来明确过程增强，同时选择和评估新的测试技术。工具尽可能在测试设计，执行，回归测试，测试用例管理，缺陷搜集和分析中高效地支持测试过程。过程和测试件在组织中重用是通常的实践，被测试过程资产库支持。

The three TMMi level 5 process areas, Defect Prevention, Quality Control and Test Process Optimization all provide support for continuous process improvement. In fact, the three process areas are highly interrelated. For example, Defect Prevention supports Quality Control, e.g., by analyzing outliers to process performance and by implementing practices for defect causal analysis and prevention of defect re-occurrence. Quality Control contributes to Test Process Optimization, and Test Process Optimization supports both Defect Prevention and Quality Control, for example by implementing the test improvement proposals. All of these process areas are, in turn, supported by the practices that were established when the lower level process areas were implemented. At TMMi level 5, testing is a process with the objective of preventing defects.

缺陷预防，质量控制，测试过程优化都提供了持续过程提升。实际上，这三个过程域是高度关联的，比如，缺陷预防支持质量控制，通过分析过程性能的不足和执行缺陷常用分析的实践以及阻止缺陷再次出现。质量控制有利于测试过程优化。测试过程优化支持缺陷预防和质量控制。在tmmi5，测试是一个过程，目标是预防缺陷。

The process areas at TMMi level 5 are:

5.1 Defect Prevention

5.2 Quality Control

5.3 Test Process Optimization

Each of these is discussed in more detail in the sections hereafter.