volcano software

Subject to certain rules, every module can transmit its messages at
a time determined by itself. All modules are of equal status; in
other words, none is either a master or a slave. Since one of
Volcano’s most important functions is to eliminate conflicts and
queues on the networks, the priority and maximum permissible
time delay of every message have been determined by the system
designers. This affords full control over all signals transmitted
over the networks.

在传统的系统中，每个模块能够自己决定发送信息的时间，所有的模块处在同一个平等状态。换句话说，他们之间没有主从关系。Volcano的一个最主要的功能就是减少网络的信息冲突，系统设计者可以决定每条信息的优先级和允许的延迟时间。这些可以整个控制网络上的信息传输。

To minimise the number of costly variants, each electronic module is produced only in a single hardware version which is suitable for all cars based on the new electrical
platform. The standardised hardware is used for all types of function. Although a range of microprocessors capable of handling CAN communications is available on the market, these are not optimised for Volvo’s Volcano communications specification. To overcome this problem, Volvo collaborated with semiconductor manufacturer Motorola to develop a type designed specifically for its requirements. Bearing the designation 68HC08, this device is now a standard Motorola product and is used in about ten electronic modules in various parts of the car.

为最小化成本，每个每个电子模块生产的时候都是一个单一的硬件版本社和所有新电子平台的汽车。标准的硬件使用所有的功能。虽然市场上有一系列的产品能够处理CAN通讯，但没有特别适合volcano通讯协议的。为克服这些问题，volvo和芯片厂商摩托罗拉合作开发一种产品，68HC08，现在这个产品是摩托罗拉的一个标准产品并且用在汽车不同部位的差不多10个电子模块上。

VNA是高层设计工具，支持CAN、LIN网络。VNA捕获网络上的信息如信号和节点的需求信号。VNA连接着一个保存网络相关信息的一个数据库，而且，一个帧编辑器把信息打包成帧，以一个有效的方法利用网络带宽。VNA产生配置文件，并用于后来作为工具链中其它工具的输入。配置文件包括网络文件、固定文件和目标文件。网络文件描述网络接口配置，信号帧产生时间表。固定文件包括每ECU的有效网络接口和信号。目标文件包括ECUs明确的硬件描述，比如CPU类型和编译器、存储数据的内存的大小和地址，象RAM和NVRAM池。

另外一个工具是VTP，用于汽车ECUs。VTP包括两个部分，VCFG，是一个被ECU开发商、系统集成商使用配置工具，Volcano库。olvano库是CAN和LIN通讯时需要的一个前编译目标库。VCFG采集网络文件和固定文件，（产生于VNA）
。VCFG产生连接olvano库的目标依赖代码，或者其它库或者应用程序源文件for特殊的ECU。编译器和连接器产生包含ECU通信行为的目标image。最后，VTP通过软件下载工具Volcano boot－loader把image下载到ECU中。下载的软件必须和ECU中已经存在的软件兼容。

2.6 The Target Hardware
Embedded systems are usually based on a microcontroller which is an integrated microprocessor and a set of peripherals, including an external bus and memories. There are common examples of processor families such as ARM, StrongARM, PowerPC, Motorola 68k and MIPS. The best-selling 32-bit microcontroller of these is the ARM family from Advanced Risc Machines. All ARM variants have a single, simple pipeline, and very few have caches. The second-best selling architecture is the Motorola 68k family to which the current used microcontroller MC9S12DP256 belongs.

 Volcano

Volcano was described at the meeting on 31/10/01 as “TTP on CAN” and the Volcano website [16] describes the protocol as CAN-based and deterministic. The protocol is used by Volvo on the S80 and V70, and is coming into use on Volvo buses.

时间触发的CAN

 

According to my reading of the Volcano Communications Concept [17], Volcano appears to be a technique in which the CAN network is integrated in such a way as to guarantee the latency of all the messages. It does this by specifying the latency and periodicity of messages at design time. This allows the maximum latencies to be calculated, so the system integrator (designer) can specify the network set up in such a way as to juggle these specifications to guarantee the specified parameters, by avoiding arbitration as far as possible. This seems to imply that the sending of network communication is time triggered rather than event triggered, so the description “TTP on CAN” seems a pretty good summing up.

确定所有信息的延时，在设计阶段明确信息的延时和周期。通过明确信息来尽量避免仲裁。

 

This apparently means that network loadings can be considerably higher than using CAN conventionally, maybe 60% loading, whereas for latency of lower priority messages to be contained to reasonable limits, CAN loading may need to be around 10%.

负载率60％降到10％