以NASA在1976年发布的B747气动数据报告中提取的数据库为例，讲解数据库提取、创建界面、可视化、平滑处理及插值等操作，具体代码如下
import sqlite3 #引入sqlite3库，对数据库进行提取
import csv #引入csv库，将数据库中提取的各气动系数的数据写入csv文件中
import tkinter as tk #引入tk库，创建可视化界面
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #可视化
from scipy.interpolate import CubicSpline #将曲线和曲面平滑处理
import numpy as np #使用数组
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg #在界面中显示图片
def linear_interpolation_3d(x, y, z, x_values, y_values, z_values, x_new, y_new):#三维插值函数
idx_x = np.searchsorted(x_values, x) - 1
idx_y = np.searchsorted(y_values, y) - 1
if idx_x < 0:
idx_x = 0
if idx_x >= len(x_values) - 1:
idx_x = len(x_values) - 2
if idx_y < 0:
idx_y = 0
if idx_y >= len(y_values) - 1:
idx_y = len(y_values) - 2
z_new = z_values[idx_y, idx_x] + (z - z_values[idx_y, idx_x]) * (z_values[idx_y, idx_x + 1] - z_values[idx_y, idx_x]) / (x_values[idx_x + 1] - x_values[idx_x])
return z_new
conn=sqlite3.connect("B747data0.db")#读取数据库
cursor=conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';")
tables = cursor.fetchall()
table_name = []
for table_info in tables: #遍历数据库
table_name.append(table_info[0])
mysel=cursor.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_info[0]};")
with open(table_info[0]+'.csv','w+',newline='') as file:#写入csv文件
write=csv.writer(file)
for row in mysel:
a = list(row)
write.writerow(a)
def draw_2d(): #二维可视化，在按钮中调用
category = category_var.get()
operation = operation_var.get()
if category == "CL":
if operation == "CL_Basic":
table_name0 = "clb_2_0_7"
elif category == "CD":
if operation == "CD_Basic":
table_name0 = "cdaab_3_0_5"
elif operation == "CD_M_flap_up":
table_name0 = "cdmal_3_0_8"
elif operation == "CD_M_flap_down":
table_name0 = "cdmah_3_0_9"
elif category == "CY":
if operation == "CY_beta":
table_name0 = "cybeta_7_0_5_1"
elif category == "Cm":
if operation == "Cm_Basic":
table_name0 = "cmaab_4_0_8and9"
elif operation == "Cm_ele_in":
table_name0 = "cmaeie_4_0_21"
elif operation == "Cm_ele_out":
table_name0 = "cmaeoe_4_0_22"
elif category == "Cl":
if operation == "Cl_beta_low":
table_name0 = "crs_5_0_7"
elif operation == "Cl_ail_in":
table_name0 = "cria_5_0_23"
elif category == "Cn":
if operation == "Cn_beta":
table_name0 = "cnbeta_6_0_6_1"
elif operation == "Cn_rud_up":
table_name0 = "cnrudue_6_0_20"
elif operation == "Cn_rud_low":
table_name0 = "cnrudle_6_0_21"
mysels=cursor.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_name0};")
rows = []
for row in mysels:
rows.append(row)
x = [row[0] for row in rows]
x_smooth = np.linspace(x[1],max(x),100)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=[6,4])
ax = fig.add_subplot()
for i in range(1,len(rows[0])):
y = [b[i] for b in rows]
cs = CubicSpline(x, y)
y_smooth = cs(x_smooth)
ax.plot(x_smooth,y_smooth)
ax.set_ylabel(table_name0)
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=top)
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().place(x = 10,y = 270)
def draw_3d(): #三维可视化，在按钮中调用
category = category_var.get()
operation = operation_var.get()
if category == "CL":
if operation == "CL_Basic":
table_name0 = "clb_2_0_7"
elif category == "CD":
if operation == "CD_Basic":
table_name0 = "cdaab_3_0_5"
elif operation == "CD_M_flap_up":
table_name0 = "cdmal_3_0_8"
elif operation == "CD_M_flap_down":
table_name0 = "cdmah_3_0_9"
elif category == "CY":
if operation == "CY_beta":
table_name0 = "cybeta_7_0_5_1"
elif category == "Cm":
if operation == "Cm_Basic":
table_name0 = "cmaab_4_0_8and9"
elif operation == "Cm_ele_in":
table_name0 = "cmaeie_4_0_21"
elif operation == "Cm_ele_out":
table_name0 = "cmaeoe_4_0_22"
elif category == "Cl":
if operation == "Cl_beta_low":
table_name0 = "crs_5_0_7"
elif operation == "Cl_ail_in":
table_name0 = "cria_5_0_23"
elif category == "Cn":
if operation == "Cn_beta":
table_name0 = "cnbeta_6_0_6_1"
elif operation == "Cn_rud_up":
table_name0 = "cnrudue_6_0_20"
elif operation == "Cn_rud_low":
table_name0 = "cnrudle_6_0_21"
mysels=cursor.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_name0};")
rows = []
for row in mysels:
rows.append(row)
x = [row[0] for row in rows]
x_smooth = np.linspace(x[1],max(x),100)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=[6,4])
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
for i in range(1,len(rows[0])):
y = rows[0][i]*np.ones(100) #由于数据是以表格形式给出所以需要对进行处理使y数组与x、z数组维数相同。
z = [b[i] for b in rows]
cs = CubicSpline(x, z)
z_smooth = cs(x_smooth)
ax.plot(x_smooth,y,z_smooth)
ax.set_ylabel(table_name0)
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(fig, master=top)
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().place(x = 10,y = 270)
def interpolate():#插值函数，在按钮中调用
category = category_var.get()
operation = operation_var.get()
if category == "CL":
if operation == "CL_Basic":
table_name0 = "clb_2_0_7"
elif category == "CD":
if operation == "CD_Basic":
table_name0 = "cdaab_3_0_5"
elif operation == "CD_M_flap_up":
table_name0 = "cdmal_3_0_8"
elif operation == "CD_M_flap_down":
table_name0 = "cdmah_3_0_9"
elif category == "CY":
if operation == "CY_beta":
table_name0 = "cybeta_7_0_5_1"
elif category == "Cm":
if operation == "Cm_Basic":
table_name0 = "cmaab_4_0_8and9"
elif operation == "Cm_ele_in":
table_name0 = "cmaeie_4_0_21"
elif operation == "Cm_ele_out":
table_name0 = "cmaeoe_4_0_22"
elif category == "Cl":
if operation == "Cl_beta_low":
table_name0 = "crs_5_0_7"
elif operation == "Cl_ail_in":
table_name0 = "cria_5_0_23"
elif category == "Cn":
if operation == "Cn_beta":
table_name0 = "cnbeta_6_0_6_1"
elif operation == "Cn_rud_up":
table_name0 = "cnrudue_6_0_20"
elif operation == "Cn_rud_low":
table_name0 = "cnrudle_6_0_21"
mysel1 = cursor.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_name0};")
d = []
for row in mysel1:
d.append(row)
x = np.array(list(d[0][1:]))
y = np.array([row[0] for row in d[1:]])
z = np.array([row[1:] for row in d[1:]])
x_new = np.array([float(entry1.get())])
y_new = np.array([float(entry2.get())])
z_new = linear_interpolation_3d(x_new, y_new, 3, x, y, z, x_new, y_new)
result_label.config(text=f"Aerodynamics Coefficients: {z_new}")
top = tk.Tk()#此处创建界面
top.title("Aerodynamics Coefficients")
top.geometry('1000x700')
tk.Label(top,text = "Aerodynamics Coefficients Figure").place(x = 180,y = 250)
category_var = tk.StringVar(top)
category_var.set("CL") #设置默认选项
operation_var = tk.StringVar(top)
operation_var.set("CL_Basic")
category_options = ["CL", "CD", "CY", "Cm", "Cl", "Cn"]#设置需要查找及插值的气动系数
category_menu = tk.OptionMenu(top, category_var, *category_options)
category_menu.place(x = 220,y = 20)
def update_operations(*args):#用于创建二级标题，可查找该气动系数在不同影响因素下的变化
if category_var.get() == "CL":
operation_options = ["CL_Basic"]
elif category_var.get() == "CD":
operation_options = ["CD_Basic", "CD_M_flap_up", "CD_M_flap_down"]
elif category_var.get() == "CY":
operation_options = ["CY_beta"]
elif category_var.get() == "Cm":
operation_options = ["Cm_Basic", "Cm_ele_in", "Cm_ele_out"]
elif category_var.get() == "Cl":
operation_options = ["Cl_beta_low", "Cl_ail_in"]
elif category_var.get() == "Cn":
operation_options = ["Cn_beta", "Cn_rud_up", "Cn_rud_low"]
operation_menu['menu'].delete(0, 'end')
for option in operation_options:
operation_menu['menu'].add_command(label=option, command=tk._setit(operation_var, option))
operation_menu = tk.OptionMenu(top, operation_var, *["CL_Basic"])
operation_menu.place(x = 220,y = 60)
category_var.trace('w', update_operations)
entry1 = tk.Entry(top) #在界面上设置可输入插值
entry1.place(x = 520,y = 40)
entry2 = tk.Entry(top)
entry2.place(x = 520,y = 80)
tk.Button(top,text = "Show Coefficients_2d",command=draw_2d).place(x = 120,y = 200)#设置按钮
tk.Button(top,text = "Show Coefficients_3d",command=draw_3d).place(x = 260,y = 200)
tk.Button(top,text = "Interpolate",command=interpolate).place(x = 520,y = 200)
result_label = tk.Label(top, text="Aerodynamics Coefficients: ")
result_label.place(x = 520,y = 140)
top.mainloop()
conn.close()运行后可以得到若干csv文件，可以excel形式打开：
运行后也可得到如下界面：
选择气动系数类别。
选择影响因素。
可选择2d或者3d图。
可在框中输入相应x，y值进行插值或查找并显示。
注：所有涉及具体B747相关的气动数据已加密隐藏。
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