vsftpd创建匿名Linux FTP服务器

1. 目标

☆ vsftpd的安装以及查看安装的文件和目录

☆ vsftpd服务启动、停止、重启和状态查询

☆ vsftpd详细配置

☆ 使用资源管理器登录匿名FTP服务器

☆ 使用Filezilla登录匿名FTP服务器

2. vsftpd的安装以及查看安装的文件和目录

       不同的Linux发行版使用的安装方式不同，以下简要列举了主要的几种安装方式。如果需要更详细的软件管理资料，请查阅其他文章。此处推荐一个文章：http://www.2cto.com/os/201110/106733.html

2.1linux软件安装

 2.1.1 apt-get方式安装

       sudo apt-get install vsftpd

2.1.2 rpm方式安装

      rpm -ivh 软件包名.rpm

2.1.3 dpkg方式安装

     dpkg -i 软件包名.deb

2.1.4 yum方式安装

     yum install 软件包名

2.1.5 Ubuntu软件中心

    如果是Ubuntu桌面版用户，可以使用Ubuntu自带的软件中心，简单方便。当然并不是所有软件在软件中心都能搜索的到，如果找不到，可以到网上下载相关软件的.deb版，下载下来后，双击安装文件就会默认打开软件中心来安装该文件。

2.2查看vsfptd的安装文件和目录

    在命令行输入“whereis vsftpd”，查询vsftpd的安装目录和文件，我的机器上Ubuntu 14.04打印的结果如下：

    vsftpd: /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf~ /etc/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz

3.配置vsftpd.conf文件

    打开/etc/vsftpd.conf文件，注意，新版本的vsftpd在/etc/目录下有两个vsftpd.conf文件，其中一个为我们需要配置的ftp配置文件。将vsftpd.conf中涉及到匿名文件读写相关配置改一下（下文是已配置好的匿名配置）：

<span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:12px;"># Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

tcp_wrappers=YES
no_anon_password=YES</span>

    主要修改内容：

• anonymous_enable=YES //是否开启匿名访问，设置为YES
• write_enable=YES //这是全局写权限，一定要设置为YES
• anon_upload_enable=YES //是否开启匿名上传文件功能，如果允许，就设置为YES
• anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES //是否开启匿名在FTP上创建目录的权限，如果允许，就设置为YES
  
• anon_other_write_enable=YES //是否开启匿名删除FTP上的文件以及重命名文件的权限，如果允许，就设置为YES
• no_anon_password=YES //在匿名访问时不需要输入密码，该项是默认配置，在很多版本的vsftpd.conf中可能都没有该项配置，可以不用管

    配置匿名FTP服务器主要修改以上几项就可以了。

4. 启动、重启、关闭、查看vsftpd服务

      每次对vsftpd.conf配置的更改，都需要重启vsftpd服务，才能使新配置生效。vsftpd服务管理命令如下。

4.1 启动vsftpd服务

      service vsftpd start

4.2 重启vsftpd服务

      service vsftpd restart

4.3 关闭vsftpd服务

      service vsftpd stop

4.4 查看vsftpd服务

      service vsftpd status

5. 匿名访问FTP服务器

5.1 资源管理器匿名访问

     打开资源管理器，在地址栏输入：“ftp:\\FTP服务器的IP:端口号”，比如，我的ftp服务器IP是192.168.2.121，端口默认为21，那么，在客户机上就应该输入：“ftp:\\192.168.2.121”，然后回车就可以了，因为FTP匿名服务器的端口使用的默认的21端口，所以在输入FTP地址的时候没有输入默认端口号。但是如果FTP服务器使用的是非21端口，那么在IP后面就要加上端口号了。

5.2使用FileZilla访问

    为什么使用FileZilla？因为它速度更快，提示信息全面，容错性好，有Linux下的客户端。有时候配置好的FTP，在资源管理器打开，上传文件的时候老是报错，但是在FileZilla下面就可以。因为，在Windows资源管理器打开FTP服务器，上传文件的话，还需要vsftpd.conf文件配置打开如下选项：

ascii_upload_enable=YES

ascii_download_enable=YES