文章目录
目录
1.残差网络基础
1.1基本概念
非常非常深的神经网络是很难训练的,因为存在梯度消失和梯度爆炸问题。ResNets是由残差块(Residual block)构建的,首先解释一下什么是残差块。
残差块结构:
1.2VGG19、ResNet34结构图
1.3 梯度弥散和网络退化
1.4 残差块变体
自AlexNet以来,state-of-the-art的CNN结构都在不断地变深。VGG和GoogLeNet分别有19个和22个卷积层,而AlexNet只有5个。
ResNet基本思想:引入跳过一层或多层的shortcut connection。
1.5 ResNet模型变体
(1)ResNeXt
(2)DenseNet
1.6 Residual Network补充
1.7 1*1卷积核(补充)
*1的卷积核相当于对一个切片上的nc个单元,都应用了一个全连接的神经网络
2.残差网络介绍(何凯明)
3.ResNet-50(Ng)
3.1 非常深的神经网络问题
3.2 建立一个残差网络
使用 short connect的残差块,能很容易的学习标识功能。在其他ResNet块上进行堆栈,不会损害训练集的性能。
(1)identity block (标准块)
(2)convolutional block
当输入和输出的尺寸不匹配时,使用
3.3first ResNet model(50layers)
3.4 代码实现
def identity_block(X, f, filters, stage, block):
"""
X -- 输入tensor, shape=(m, n_H_prev, n_W_prev, n_C_prev)
f -- identity block主路径,中间卷积层的滤波器大小
filters -- [f1,f2,f3]对应主路径中三个卷积层的滤波器个数
stage -- 用于命名层,阶段(数字表示:1/2/3/4/5...)
block -- 用于命名层,每个阶段中的残差块(字符表示:a/b/c/d/e/f...)
Return X -- identity block 输出tensor shape=(m, n_H, n_W, n_C)
"""
"define name basis"
conv_name_base = 'res' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'
bn_name_base = 'bn' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'
"get filter number"
F1, F2, F3 = filters
"save the input value"
X_shortcut = X
"主路径的第一层:conv-bn-relu"
X = Conv2D(filters=F1, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='valid',
name=conv_name_base+'2a', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name=bn_name_base+'2a')(X)
X = Activation('relu')(X)
"主路径的第二层:conv-bn-relu"
X = Conv2D(filters=F2, kernel_size=(f,f), strides=(1,1), padding='same',
name=conv_name_base+'2b', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name=bn_name_base+'2b')(X)
X = Activation('relu')(X)
"主路径的第三层:conv-bn"
X = Conv2D(filters=F3, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='valid',
name=conv_name_base+'2c', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name=bn_name_base+'2c')(X)
"add shortcut and relu"
X = Add()([X, X_shortcut])
X = Activation('relu')(X)
return X
"""s -- convolutional block中,主路径第一个卷积层和shortcut卷积层,滤波器滑动步长,s=2,用来降低图片大小"""
def convolutional_block(X, f, filters, stage, block, s=2):
conv_name_base = 'res' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'
bn_name_base = 'bn' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'
F1, F2, F3 = filters
X_shortcut = X
"1st layer"
X = Conv2D(filters=F1, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(s,s), padding='valid',
name=conv_name_base+'2a', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name=bn_name_base+'2a')(X)
X = Activation('relu')(X)
"2nd layer"
X = Conv2D(filters=F2, kernel_size=(f,f), strides=(1,1), padding='same',
name=conv_name_base+'2b', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name=bn_name_base+'2b')(X)
X = Activation('relu')(X)
"3rd layer"
X = Conv2D(filters=F3, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(1,1), padding='valid',
name=conv_name_base+'2c', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name=bn_name_base+'2c')(X)
"shortcut path"
X_shortcut = Conv2D(filters=F3, kernel_size=(1,1), strides=(s,s), padding='valid',
name=conv_name_base+'1', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X_shortcut)
X_shortcut = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name=bn_name_base+'1')(X_shortcut)
X = Add()([X, X_shortcut])
X = Activation('relu')(X)
return X
def ResNet50(input_shape=(64,64,3), classes=6):
"""
input - zero padding
stage1:conv - BatchNorm - relu - maxpool
stage2: conv block - identity block *2
stage3: conv block - identity block *3
stage4: conv block - identity block *5
stage5: conv block - identity block *2
avgpool - flatten - fully connect
input_shape -- 输入图像的shape
classes -- 类别数
Return: a model() instance in Keras
"""
"用input_shape定义一个输入tensor"
X_input = Input(input_shape)
"zero padding"
X = ZeroPadding2D((3,3))(X_input)
"stage 1"
X = Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(7,7), strides=(2,2), padding='valid',
name='conv1', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name='bn_conv1')(X)
X = MaxPooling2D((3,3), strides=(2,2))(X)
"stage 2"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block='a', s=1)
X = identity_block(X,f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block='b')
X = identity_block(X,f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block='c')
"stage 3"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='c')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='d')
"stage 4"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='c')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='d')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='e')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='f')
"stage 5"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block='c')
"fully connect"
X = AveragePooling2D((2,2), name='avg_pool')(X)
X = Flatten()(X)
X = Dense(classes, activation='softmax', name='fc'+str(classes),
kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
"a model() instance in Keras"
model = Model(inputs=X_input, outputs=X, name='ResNet50')
return model
4.ResNet 100-1000层
4.1 152层
代码
def ResNet101(input_shape=(64,64,3), classes=6):
"""
input - zero padding
stage1:conv - BatchNorm - relu - maxpool
stage2: conv block - identity block *2
stage3: conv block - identity block *3
stage4: conv block - identity block *22
stage5: conv block - identity block *2
avgpool - flatten - fully connect
input_shape -- 输入图像的shape
classes -- 类别数
Return: a model() instance in Keras
"""
"用input_shape定义一个输入tensor"
X_input = Input(input_shape)
"zero padding"
X = ZeroPadding2D((3,3))(X_input)
"stage 1"
X = Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(7,7), strides=(2,2), padding='valid',
name='conv1', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name='bn_conv1')(X)
X = MaxPooling2D((3,3), strides=(2,2))(X)
"stage 2"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[4,4,16], stage=2, block='a', s=1)
X = identity_block(X,f=3, filters=[4,4,16], stage=2, block='b')
X = identity_block(X,f=3, filters=[4,4,16], stage=2, block='c')
"stage 3"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[8,8,32], stage=3, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[8,8,32], stage=3, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[8,8,32], stage=3, block='c')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[8,8,32], stage=3, block='d')
"stage 4"
"identity block from 5(50 layers) to 22(101 layers)"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='c')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='d')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='e')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='f')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='g')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='h')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='i')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='j')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='k')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='l')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='m')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='n')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='o')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='p')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='q')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='r')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='s')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='t')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='u')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='v')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[16,16,64], stage=4, block='w')
"stage 5"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[32,32,128], stage=5, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[32,32,128], stage=5, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[32,32,128], stage=5, block='c')
"fully connect"
X = AveragePooling2D((2,2), name='avg_pool')(X)
X = Flatten()(X)
X = Dense(classes, activation='softmax', name='fc'+str(classes),
kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
"a model() instance in Keras"
model = Model(inputs=X_input, outputs=X, name='ResNet101')
return model
def ResNet152(input_shape=(64,64,3), classes=6):
"""
input - zero padding
stage1:conv - BatchNorm - relu - maxpool
stage2: conv block - identity block *2
stage3: conv block - identity block *7
stage4: conv block - identity block *35
stage5: conv block - identity block *2
avgpool - flatten - fully connect
input_shape -- 输入图像的shape
classes -- 类别数
Return: a model() instance in Keras
"""
"用input_shape定义一个输入tensor"
X_input = Input(input_shape)
"zero padding"
X = ZeroPadding2D((3,3))(X_input)
"stage 1"
X = Conv2D(filters=64, kernel_size=(7,7), strides=(2,2), padding='valid',
name='conv1', kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
X = BatchNormalization(axis=3, name='bn_conv1')(X)
X = MaxPooling2D((3,3), strides=(2,2))(X)
"stage 2"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block='a', s=1)
X = identity_block(X,f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block='b')
X = identity_block(X,f=3, filters=[64,64,256], stage=2, block='c')
"stage 3"
"identity block from 3(101 layers) to 7(152 layers)"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='c')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='d')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='e')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='f')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='g')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[128,128,512], stage=3, block='h')
"stage 4"
"identity block from 22(101 layers) to 35(152 layers)"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='c')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='d')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='e')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='f')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='g')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='h')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='i')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='j')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='k')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='l')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='m')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='n')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='o')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='p')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='q')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='r')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='s')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='t')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='u')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='v')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='w')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='x')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='y')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z1')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z2')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z3')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z4')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z5')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z6')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z7')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z8')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z9')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[256,256,1024], stage=4, block='z10')
"stage 5"
X = convolutional_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block='a', s=2)
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block='b')
X = identity_block(X, f=3, filters=[512,512,2048], stage=5, block='c')
"fully connect"
X = AveragePooling2D((2,2), name='avg_pool')(X)
X = Flatten()(X)
X = Dense(classes, activation='softmax', name='fc'+str(classes),
kernel_initializer=glorot_uniform(seed=0))(X)
"a model() instance in Keras"
model = Model(inputs=X_input, outputs=X, name='ResNet152')
return model