s函数是simulink中扩展用户自定义功能最有效的模块之一,当我们所需的功能simulink基本模块没有提供时,一般可以通过基本模块的组合以完成所需功能。而当基本模块难以组成实现甚至无法实现时,我第一想到的就是使用s函数。
对于仿真来说,一般使用最多的就是level-1 s函数,因为其语法固定,使用起来也比较简单,一般通过更改Matlab提供的s函数模板。在Matlab命令窗口输入命令:edit sfuntmpl 可以打开s函数模板的m文件,如下:
function [sys,x0,str,ts,simStateCompliance] = sfuntmpl(t,x,u,flag)
%SFUNTMPL General MATLAB S-Function Template
% With MATLAB S-functions, you can define you own ordinary differential
% equations (ODEs), discrete system equations, and/or just about
% any type of algorithm to be used within a Simulink block diagram.
%
% The general form of an MATLAB S-function syntax is:
% [SYS,X0,STR,TS,SIMSTATECOMPLIANCE] = SFUNC(T,X,U,FLAG,P1,...,Pn)
%
% What is returned by SFUNC at a given point in time, T, depends on the
% value of the FLAG, the current state vector, X, and the current
% input vector, U.
%
% FLAG RESULT DESCRIPTION
% ----- ------ --------------------------------------------
% 0 [SIZES,X0,STR,TS] Initialization, return system sizes in SYS,
% initial state in X0, state ordering strings
% in STR, and sample times in TS.
% 1 DX Return continuous state derivatives in SYS.
% 2 DS Update discrete states SYS = X(n+1)
% 3 Y Return outputs in SYS.
% 4 TNEXT Return next time hit for variable step sample
% time in SYS.
% 5 Reserved for future (root finding).
% 9 [] Termination, perform any cleanup SYS=[].
%
%
% The state vectors, X and X0 consists of continuous states followed
% by discrete states.
%
% Optional parameters, P1,...,Pn can be provided to the S-function and
% used during any FLAG operation.
%
% When SFUNC is called with FLAG = 0, the following information
% should be returned:
%
% SYS(1) = Number of continuous states.
% SYS(2) = Number of discrete states.
% SYS(3) = Number of outputs.
% SYS(4) = Number of inputs.
% Any of the first four elements in SYS can be specified
% as -1 indicating that they are dynamically sized. The
% actual length for all other flags will be equal to the
% length of the input, U.
% SYS(5) = Reserved for root finding. Must be zero.
% SYS(6) = Direct feedthrough flag (1=yes, 0=no). The s-function
% has direct feedthrough if U is used during the FLAG=3
% call. Setting this to 0 is akin to making a promise that
% U will not be used during FLAG=3. If you break the promise
% then unpredictable results will occur.
% SYS(7) = Number of sample times. This is the number of rows in TS.
%
%
% X0 = Initial state conditions or [] if no states.
%
% STR = State ordering strings which is generally specified as [].
%