Linq的学习

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LinQStudy
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region LinQ查询开头为J的名字并按升序方式输出结果
            var names = new List<string> { "LiLei", "HanMeiMei", "Jeffer", "Jack", "Philip", "Rose" };
            var nameWithJ = from n in names
                            where n.StartsWith("J")
                            orderby n
                            select n;

            IEnumerator<string> GetName = nameWithJ.GetEnumerator();
            while (GetName.MoveNext())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(GetName.Current);
            }
            #endregion

            #region ToDictionary|ToLookup|GroupBy|LinQ的用法:将数据进行分组
            List<Student> stuList = new List<Student>() { new Student(){RoomId=2001, Name="lily", Sex="男", Money=new int[]{10,5,20,30}},
                                                          new Student(){RoomId=2001, Name="asse", Sex="男", Money=new int[]{1,5,15,40}},
                                                          new Student(){RoomId=3001, Name="dg", Sex="女", Money=new int[]{60,5,2,30}},
                                                          new Student(){RoomId=1001, Name="ewt", Sex="女", Money=new int[]{35,5,20,30}} ,
                                                          new Student(){RoomId=3001, Name="王俊和", Sex="男", Money=new int[]{10,5,25,35}}
            };

            List<KTV> ktvList = new List<KTV>(){new KTV(){ BosName="LiFeng", CtreatYear=1998, RoomId=2001, RoomObjects=30},
                                             new KTV(){ BosName="HanMeiMei", CtreatYear=2009, RoomId=1001, RoomObjects=70},
                                             new KTV(){ BosName="ChenFei", CtreatYear=2014, RoomId=3001, RoomObjects=100},
            
            };
            //Dictionary<int,Student> dic=stuList.ToDictionary(i=>i.id);
            //ToDictionary用法中如果Id相同，就会出错，这个时候微软提供了ToLookup；ToLookup分组查询
            //IEnumerator<IGrouping<int, Student>> GetStuGroup = stuList.ToLookup(i => i.RoomId).GetEnumerator();

            //GroupBy分组查询
            //IEnumerator<IGrouping<int, Student>> GetStuGroup = stuList.GroupBy(j => j.RoomId).GetEnumerator();

            //LinQ查询,按房间号降序排序分组
            var people = from n in stuList
                         orderby n.RoomId descending
                         group n by n.RoomId into g
                         select g;
            IEnumerator<IGrouping<int, Student>> GetStuGroup = people.GetEnumerator();

            while (GetStuGroup.MoveNext())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("房间号:{0}", GetStuGroup.Current.Key);
                IGrouping<int, Student> groupStu = GetStuGroup.Current;
                IEnumerator<Student> GetStu = groupStu.GetEnumerator();
                while (GetStu.MoveNext())
                {
                    Student stu = GetStu.Current;
                    Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0}  性别:{1}", stu.Name, stu.Sex);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("");
            }

            //*******************************************************************************************************
            //搜寻数组n中房间号为3001且性别男性的名字
            var people1 = from n in stuList
                          where n.RoomId == 3001 && n.Sex == "男"
                          select n.Name;
            List<string> stuName=people1.ToList();
            //等同于==
            List<string> stuName1=stuList.Where(r => r.RoomId == 3001 && r.Sex == "男").Select(r=>r.Name).ToList();

            //获取类型为string的所有数据
            object[] data = { "one",2,3,"four","five",6};
            List<string> strList=data.OfType<string>().ToList();

            //*******************************************************************************************************
            //根据房间号从小到大，名字先后循序排列名字
            var peple = from n in stuList
                        orderby n.RoomId, n.Name
                        select n.Name;
            List<string> p=peple.ToList();
            //等同于==
            //OrderBy和ThenBy的用法
            List<string> p1 = stuList.OrderBy(r => r.RoomId).ThenBy(n => n.Name).Select(n => n.Name).ToList();

            //*******************************************************************************************************
            //搜寻数组n中房间号为3001且性别男性的名字和房间号
            var people2 = from n in stuList
                          where n.RoomId == 3001 && n.Sex == "男"
                          select new { Name = n.Name,Id = n.RoomId };
            //等同于==
            var p3 = stuList.OrderBy(r => r.RoomId).ThenBy(n => n.Name).Select(n => new { Name = n.Name, Id = n.RoomId });
            foreach (var item in people2)
            {
                int id=item.Id;
                string name = item.Name;
            }

            //******************************************************************************************************
            //join..on...equals的用法 连接操作
            var stuData = from s in stuList
                          select new { Name = s.Name, RoomId = s.RoomId, Sex = s.Sex };

            var ktvData = from k in ktvList
                          select new { RoomId = k.RoomId, Year = k.CtreatYear, BosName = k.BosName, objectNum = k.RoomObjects };

            var joinData = from s in stuData
                           join k in ktvData on s.RoomId equals k.RoomId
                           select new { Year = k.Year, Name = k.BosName, RoomId = s.RoomId, pName = s.Name, Sex = s.Sex };

            foreach (var item in joinData)
            {
                int y = item.Year;
                int r = item.RoomId;
                string name=item.Name;
                string sex = item.Sex;
                string pName = item.pName;
            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //复合的from子句，找出Student里面money有30的那个数据表,from子句用在子句也是一个数组集合的时候
            var studentFrom = from s in stuList
                              from m in s.Money
                              where m == 30
                              orderby s.RoomId
                              select s.Name + " " + s.Sex;
            IEnumerator<string> GetNameOrSex=studentFrom.GetEnumerator();
            while (GetNameOrSex.MoveNext())
            {
                string dataFrom = GetNameOrSex.Current;
                Console.WriteLine(dataFrom);
            }
            //等同于==
            var ss = stuList.SelectMany(s => s.Money, (s, m) => new { Stu = s, Mony = m }).Where(d => d.Mony == 30).OrderBy(d => d.Stu.RoomId).Select(d => d.Stu.Name + " " + d.Stu.Sex);
            foreach (var item in ss)
            {
                string ds = item;
                Console.WriteLine(ds);
            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //将要查询的语句定义成委托，后面用的时候直接调用Func(30)赋值;
            Func<int, IEnumerable<string>> funcStu = monmey => from s in stuList
                                                                from m in s.Money
                                                                where m == monmey
                                                                orderby s.RoomId
                                                                select s.Name+" "+s.Sex;
            //Intersect表示前一个集合中包含的值与后一个集合中包含的值进行交集,相关的操作有(Distinct非重复元素;Union并集;Except差集)
            foreach (var item in funcStu(30).Intersect(funcStu(10)))
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //Zip的作用就是将2个不同的集合合并到一起，输入结果
            var stuNamesOrSex = from s in stuList
                                where s.RoomId == 2001
                                select new { Name = s.Name, Sex = s.Sex };
            var ktvs = from k in ktvList
                       where k.RoomId == 3001
                       select new { Name = k.BosName, Year = k.CtreatYear };
            var zip=stuNamesOrSex.Zip(ktvs, (first, second) => "stu:" + first.Name + " " + first.Sex + "----" + "bos:" + second.Name + " " + second.Year);
            foreach (var item in zip)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //Range生成从1到100的数字，相关的操作(repeat,empty)
            var values = Enumerable.Range(1,100);//从1到100，不重复
            var Repeat = Enumerable.Repeat<int>(1, 20);//重复1，重复20次
            var empty = Enumerable.Empty<int>();//返回一个空的集合
            foreach (var item in values)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}", item);
            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //AsParallel并行查询，这个会自动启动任务管理器，运行CUP，在数据量比较大的时候，容易看得出来并行的优势。
            var parallel = from x in stuList.AsParallel()
                           where x.RoomId > 1001
                           select x.Name;
            foreach (var item in parallel)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //Take()和Skip()等分区操作可用于分页，分页在windows和web应用程序中非常有用，可以只显示一部分数据给用户，
            //比如我只想一页显示2个数据，如下：
            int pageSize = 2;
            int pageNumbers = stuList.Count % pageSize == 0 ? stuList.Count / pageSize : stuList.Count / pageSize + 1;
            int pageNumbers2 = (int)Math.Ceiling(stuList.Count / (double)pageSize);
            for (int page = 0; page < pageNumbers; page++)
            {
                var stus = (from s in stuList
                            select s.Name + " " + s.Sex).Skip(page * pageSize).Take(pageSize);
                Console.WriteLine("第{0}页：", page + 1);
                foreach (var item in stus)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(item);
                }

            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //let用来给查询计数
            var query = from s in stuList
                        let number = s.Money.Count()
                        select new { Name = s.Name, Money = number };
            foreach (var item in query)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0},Money个数：{1}", item.Name, item.Money);
            }
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //WithCancellation用来对LinQ并行查询时通过令牌Token来取消查询
            var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => {
                try
                {
                    var res = from s in stuList.AsParallel().WithCancellation(cts.Token)
                              from m in s.Money
                              where m == 20 || m == 30 || m == 5
                              select s.Name + " " + s.Sex;
                    foreach (var item in res)
                    {

                        Console.WriteLine(item);
                    }
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
                {

                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                }

                string input = Console.ReadLine();
                if (input.Equals("y"))
                    cts.Cancel();
                
            });
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //Cast<T>()为定义强类型化的查询，可以定义类型，通过类型来查询你想要的数据
            var list = new System.Collections.ArrayList(stuList as System.Collections.ICollection);
            var query1 = from r in list.Cast<Student>()
                        where r.Name == "lily"
                        select r;
            foreach (var item in query1)
            {
                string sex = item.Sex;
            }
            //*******************************************************************************************************
            
            #endregion

            #region 通过OrderByDescending|LinQ方式将数组内的数据从大到小排列输出|LinQ的标准查询操作符
            //******************************************************************************************************
            //int[] strs = {11,10,3,2,4,7,8,1,5};

            //int first = strs.First();//First获取数组首数据
            //int last = strs.Last();//Last获取数组尾数据
            //bool all = strs.All(i => i == 3);//All表示数组内的数据必须都是3才会为true，否则false，用来判断是否只存在某一个数据
            //bool any=strs.Any(i => i == 3);//Any表示数组内的数据只要有一个为3就会为true,除非没有3才会为false，用来判断是否存在3这个数据
            //int max=strs.Max();//Max获取数组中最大的数据
            //int min = strs.Min();//Min获取数组中最小的数据
            //List<int> take=strs.Take(3).ToList();//Take获取数组从0开始到指定数量的数据
            //List<int> skip=strs.Skip(3).ToList();//Skip跳过数组从0开始到指定数量的数据，获取剩余数据

            //int data=9;
            //List<int> list = strs.ToList();
            //int find = list.Find(i => i == data);//Find找出某一数据
            //List<int> findAll = list.FindAll(i => i >= data);//FindAll找出所有满足条件的数据
            //bool exists = list.Exists(i => i == data);//Exists找出是否存在某一个数据，存在为true，反则为false
            //List<int> reverse = strs.Reverse().ToList();//Reverse反转数据存在List中
            //List<int> where = strs.Where(i => i >= data).ToList();//where找出满足条件的是数据
            //int[] toArray = list.ToArray();//ToArray就是讲集合转变成数组
            //Dictionary<int, int> toDictionary = strs.ToDictionary(i => i);//ToDictionary将数组转变成字典集合，前提是数组中无重复的值，否则报错
            //list.ForEach(i => Console.WriteLine(i));//ForEach将List集合中的数据循环输出
            //list.Insert(1, 9);//Insert在指定的索引前添加指定的数值
            //list.Remove(9);//Remove移除集合中指定的数值
            //int single = list.Single(i => i == 3);//Single是否包含仅包含一个元素，如果包含多个，则就报错,否则返回数值
            //list.Sort();//Sort将数据从小到大进行排序
            //int sum=list.Sum(i=>i+1);//Sum将每一个元素加上指定的值后再求和

            //IEnumerator<IGrouping<int, int>> lookup = strs.ToLookup(i => i).GetEnumerator();//ToLookup将数组转变成分组集合，解决了数组中重复值报错的问题
            //while (lookup.MoveNext())
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine("key:{0}", lookup.Current.Key);
            //    IGrouping<int, int> groupInt = lookup.Current;
            //    IEnumerator<int> GetInt = groupInt.GetEnumerator();
            //    while (GetInt.MoveNext())
            //    {
            //        int intData = GetInt.Current;
            //        Console.WriteLine("value:{0}",intData);
            //    }
            //}
            //*******************************************************************************************************

            通过OrderByDescending的方式来对数据进行由大到小的排列
            方法一：
            //IEnumerator<int> GetData = strs.OrderByDescending(i => i).GetEnumerator();
            方法二:
            var data = from n in strs
                       orderby n descending
                       select n;
            List<int> list=data.ToList();//可以将数据转变成List集合
            IEnumerator<int> GetData=data.GetEnumerator();

            //while (GetData.MoveNext())
            //{
            //    int str=GetData.Current;
            //    Console.WriteLine(str);
            //}
            #endregion

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public class Student
        {
            public int RoomId;
            public string Name;
            public string Sex;
            public int[] Money;
        }

        public class KTV
        {
            public int CtreatYear;
            public string BosName;
            public int RoomObjects;
            public int RoomId;
        }
    }
}