Rust从入门到实战系列一百一十四：显示函数输出

默认情况下，当测试通过时，Rust 的测试库会截获打印到标准输出的所有内容。比如在测试中调用了println! 而测试通过了，我们将不会在终端看到 println! 的输出：只会看到说明测试通过的提示行。如果测试失败了，则会看到所有标准输出和其他错误信息。
有一个无意义的函数，它打印出其参数的值并接着返回 10。接着还有一个会通过的测试和一个会失败的测试：

println!("I got the value {}", a);
10
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn this_test_will_pass() {
let value = prints_and_returns_10(4);
assert_eq!(10, value);
}
#[test]
fn this_test_will_fail() {
let value = prints_and_returns_10(8);
assert_eq!(5, value);
}
}

运行 cargo test 将会看到这些测试的输出：

Compiling silly-function v0.1.0 (file:///projects/silly-function)
Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.58s
Running unittests (target/debug/deps/silly_function-160869f38cff9166)
running 2 tests
test tests::this_test_will_fail ... FAILED
test tests::this_test_will_pass ... ok
failures:
---- tests::this_test_will_fail stdout ----
I got the value 8
thread 'main' panicked at 'assertion failed: `(left == right)`
left: `5`,
right: `10`', src/lib.rs:19:9
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
failures:
tests::this_test_will_fail
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
error: test failed, to rerun pass '--lib'

注意输出中不会出现测试通过时打印的内容，即 I got the value 4。因为当测试通过时，这些输出会被截获。失败测试的输出 I got the value 8 ，则出现在输出的测试摘要部分，同时也显示了测试失败的原因。
如果你希望也能看到通过的测试中打印的值，也可以在结尾加上 −−show−output 告诉 Rust 显示成功测试的输出。

使用 −−show−output 参数再次运行示例 11-10 中的测试会显示如下输出：
$ cargo test -- --show-output
Compiling silly-function v0.1.0 (file:///projects/silly-function)
Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.60s
Running unittests (target/debug/deps/silly_function-160869f38cff9166)
running 2 tests
test tests::this_test_will_fail ... FAILED
test tests::this_test_will_pass ... ok
successes:
---- tests::this_test_will_pass stdout ----
I got the value 4
successes:
tests::this_test_will_pass
failures:
---- tests::this_test_will_fail stdout ----
I got the value 8
thread 'main' panicked at 'assertion failed: `(left == right)`
left: `5`,
right: `10`', src/lib.rs:19:9
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
failures:
tests::this_test_will_fail
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
error: test failed, to rerun pass '--lib'