概念:域名解析
双向解析:(ip-FQDN一对多)
正向解析 将域名解析成ip
反向解析 将ip解析成域名
端口:53 TCP/UDP协议
DNS解析过程(解析顺序,递归查询,迭代查询,权威答案,非权威答案)
DNS常用的解析记录(资源记录类型): SOA;NS;A ;AAAA;CNAME;MX;PTR
bind 开源程序实现DNS解析,服务名称named
案例一 :搭建本地dns服务实现正向解析
1.在服务端主机安装服务包
# yum install bind -y
2.更改配置自定义解析域(baidu.com)
# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53{192.168.231.132;};
directory "/var/named";
allow-query{any;};
};
zone "baidu.com"IN {
type master;
file "named.baidu.com";
};
----------------------------------------
#cp /var/named/named.localhost /var/named/named.baidu.com
#vim /var/named/named.baidu.com
3.重启服务
systemctl restart named
客户端主机
1.nmcil con modify ens160 ipv4.dns 192.168.231.131
2.vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.231.131
3.ping
#nslookup www.baidu.com
#dig -t A www.baidu.com
案例二:配置辅助dns服务(完全区域传送)
1.主dns服务器修改
在主配置文件options模块追加 allow—transfer {192.168.231.132;};#辅助DNS服务器ip
2.配置从服务器firewalld selinux
#yum install bind -y
#vim /etc/named.conf
options{
listen-on port 53{ 192.168.231.132;};
directory "/var/nameed/slaves";
};
zone "baidu.com"IN {
typr slave;
file "named.baidu";
masters {192.168.231.131;}; #主服务的ip
};
#systemctl restart named
案例三:配置辅助dns服务(增量区域传送)
主服务器资源记录修改
从服务器查看日志判断传输是否成功
#tail /var/log/messages
案例四:配置DNS转发服务器
转发server
#vim /etc/named.conf
options{
listen-on port 53{132.231.168.192;}
forwarders{131.231.168.192;}
forward only;
}
案例五:DNS分离解析技术
options{
listen-on port 53{192.168.231.134;};
directory "/var/named";
allow-query{"any";};
};
acl "内网"{192.168.20.0/24;};
acl "外网"{192.168.30.0/24;};
view "外网"{
math-cilents{"内网";};
zone "openlab.com"IN{
type master;
file"named.openlab.com";
notify yes;
};
};
view"vmware"{
match-cilent{"vmware";};
zone"openlab.com"IN{
type master;
file"named.openlab1.com";
};
};