100条常用SQL语句

最新更新时间：2021年03月09日13:56:21

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本文内容：最近在做node开发，写了大量的sql语句，本文以作记录，CRUD（create, read, update, delete）

基础学习

关键字

• ORDER BY

ORDER BY 关键字默认按照升序对记录进行排序，也可以使用关键字ASCascending
如果需要按照降序对记录进行排序，可以使用 DESC descending关键字

//单列降序 只查询一条数据
select * from table1 where origin_id = 333 order by modified_time DESC limit 1;
//多列升序
SELECT * FROM table1 ORDER BY origin_id,modified_time;
//筛选3列按照2列升序排列升序
SELECT id,origin_id,modified_time FROM table1 ORDER BY origin_id,modified_time;

• SELECT TOP, LIMIT, ROWNUM

返回记录的数目

//MySQL 语法
SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 2;
//SQL Server / MS Access 语法
SELECT TOP 2 * FROM table_name;
//Oracle 语法
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE ROWNUM <=5;

常用sql语句

增

//创建视图 视图是一张虚拟表
//视图的创建方式和表一样，需要实例化、配置映射文件、实现get/set方法等
CREATE VIEW my_view_data AS SELECT t.name FROM table1 AS t;

删

//删除单条数据
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE value=1;

//删除指定的多条数据
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE value IN (1,4);

//删除连续的多条数据
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE value>=1 AND value<=9;

改

• 修改已有行的某几列

//更改table表中多条数据的多列，id是[36,42]的七条数据的school_id和school_name
UPDATE `table1` SET `school_id` = '101', `school_name` = '初中' WHERE `id` BETWEEN 36 AND 42;

//更改table1表中每一条数据的name为'[]'，一般用于数据初始化
UPDATE `table1` SET `name` = '[]';

• 向表增加列

//向 table1 表增加列 school_id和school_name，默认值为''
ALTER TABLE `table1` ADD COLUMN `school_id` varchar(36) NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '学校编号', ADD COLUMN `school_name` varchar(36) NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '学校名称';

ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD COLUMN `column_name` varchar(1000) NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]' COMMENT '这个列的文字说明';

查

• 精确查询

SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE `is_deleted` = 0;
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE `id` = 1;
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE `school_id` = '80022431';

• 范围查询

//查询 1,5,13
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE id=1 OR id=5 OR id=13;
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE id IN(1,5,13);

//查询 1,5,13 以外的数据
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE NOT (id=1 OR id=5 OR id=13);
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE id NOT IN(1,5,13);

//查询 [11,22]
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE `id` BETWEEN 11 AND 22;

//查询 [11,22] 以外的数据
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE `id` NOT BETWEEN 11 AND 22;

• 判断空

//为空
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE `id` IS null;
//不为空
SELECT * FROM `table1` WHERE `id` IS NOT null;

• 分页查询

SELECT * FROM table1 LIMIT 0,10;//从表的偏移量0开始查询10条数据
SELECT * FROM table1 LIMIT 12,8;//从表的偏移量12开始查询8条数据

• 排序查询

SELECT * FROM table1 ORDER BY create_time DESC;//按照创建时间降序

• 单列多值查询

//查询 school_type 为 101 和 102 的数据
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE (school_type=101 OR school_type=102) AND is_deleted=0;

• 模糊查询

//school列保存的是 学校id 的字符串数组 "[1,2,3,4,5]"
//查询 school 列中包含2的数据
let school_id = '2';
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE school like '%2%';

注意：
需要有左右引号
“%” 符号用于在模式的前后定义通配符（默认字母）
NOT LIKE 表示取非

//查询 table1 表中的所有数据
SELECT * FROM table1;
SELECT age,name FROM table1;

//查询某列的值并去重
SELECT DISTINCT phone_brand FROM table1;// xiaomi huawei iphone vivo oppo
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT phone_brand) AS nums FROM table1;//5

//查询 table1 表中的数据量
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table1;
SELECT COUNT(*) AS numbs FROM table1;

//按照条件查询 table1 表中的所有数据
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE name="wanshaobo";
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE is_delete="wanshaobo" AND name="bus";

//表连接查询 table1是主表 table2是从表
SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id=table2.page_id;//按照关联字段将table2的数据合并到table1中
SELECT table1.*,table2.id FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id=table2.page_id;//按照关联字段将table2的部分数据合并到table1中
SELECT table1.age,table2.name FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id=table2.page_id;//按照关联字段将table2的数据合并到table1中 只返回部分数据

//3表查询  table1是主表 table2和table3是从表
SELECT t3.i_d,t3.na_me,t4.verion FROM (SELECT t1.id AS i_d,t2.name AS na_me FROM table1 AS t1 LEFT JOIN table2 AS t2 ON t1.p_id = t2.id) AS t3 LEFT JOIN table3 AS t4 ON t3.pId = t4.p_id

高级SQL

SELECT name AS n, country AS c FROM Websites;
SELECT name, CONCAT(url, ', ', alexa, ', ', country) AS site_info FROM Websites;
SELECT w.name, w.url, a.count, a.date FROM Websites AS w, access_log AS a WHERE a.site_id=w.id and w.name="菜鸟教程";

参考资料

• 表连接
• SQL

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