Android Http和TCP协议编程

网络协议有Http和TCP/IP协议:
http协议:有get和post方法,区别(GET请求是从服务器上获取数据，POST请求是向服务器传送数据后再获取)
httpclient:android 6.0已经除名
httpurlconnection:未来主流

TCP/IP:Socket通信

//HttpUrlConnection操作之get方法:

---

                    URL url=new URL("http://.../aile?username=lisi&password=123456");  
                    HttpURLConnection connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");  
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);  
                    connection.setReadTimeout(5000);  
                    connection.connect();  
                    InputStream inputStream=null;  
                    BufferedReader reader=null;  
                    if(connection.getResponseCode()==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){  
                        inputStream=connection.getInputStream();  
                        reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                        final String result=reader.readLine();   
                        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {  
                            public void run() {  
                                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                            }  
                        });  
                    }  
                    reader.close();  
                    inputStream.close();  
                    connection.disconnect(); 

//HttpUrlConnection操作之post方法:

                    URL url=new URL("http://.../aile");  
                    HttpURLConnection connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
                    connection.setRequestMethod("POST");  
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);  
                    connection.setReadTimeout(5000);  
                    connection.setDoOutput(true);  
                    String data="username=lisi&password=123456";  
                    OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();  
                    outputStream.write(data.getBytes());  
                    connection.connect();  
                    InputStream inputStream=null;  
                    BufferedReader reader=null;   
                    if(connection.getResponseCode()==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){  
                        inputStream=connection.getInputStream();  
                        reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));  
                        final String result=reader.readLine();   
                        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {  
                            public void run() {  
                                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                            }  
                        });  
                    }  
                    reader.close();  
                    inputStream.close();  
                    connection.disconnect();  

//HttpClient操作(android6.0后被淘汰,请尊重现实,仅参考)：

---

public class HttpService {
    public static final int METHOD_GET = 1;
    public static final int METHOD_POST = 2;
     //请求http服务端指定资源，并返回该资源的响应实体对象
    public HttpEntity getEntity(String uri, List<NameValuePair> params,
            int method) throws ConnectTimeoutException, IOException {
        HttpEntity entity = null;
        if (uri != null && uri.length() > 0) {
            // 创建客户端对象
            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
            client.getParams().setParameter(
                    CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 3000);
            // 创建请求对象
            HttpUriRequest request = null;
            switch (method) {
            case METHOD_GET:
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(uri);
                // 如果请求参数集合不为空，则拼接uri
                if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
                    sb.append('?');
                    for (NameValuePair pair : params) {
                        sb.append(pair.getName()).append('=').append(
                                pair.getValue()).append('&');
                    }
                    sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
                }
                // 创建请求对象
                request = new HttpGet(sb.toString());
                break;
            case METHOD_POST:
                request = new HttpPost(uri);
                // 如果请求参数集合不为空，则设置请求实体
                if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
                    UrlEncodedFormEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(
                            params);
                    ((HttpPost) request).setEntity(reqEntity);
                }
                break;
            }
            // 执行请求，获得响应对象
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
            // 判断状态码，如果请求成功，则获取实体输入流
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                entity = response.getEntity();
            }
        }
        return entity;
    }
     //获取实体对象的长度
    public long getLength(HttpEntity entity) {
        if (entity != null)
            return entity.getContentLength();
        return 0;
    }
     //解析实体对象，返回包含内容的字节数组
    public byte[] getBytes(HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {
        if (entity != null)
            return EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);
        return null;
    }
    //将实体对象内容解析为字符串返回
    public String getString(HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {
        if (entity != null)
            return EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        return null;
    }
    public InputStream getStream(HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {
        if (entity != null)
            return entity.getContent();
        return null;
    }
}

基于tcp的协议的socket编程范例:(客户端和服务器端socket基础通讯)

客户android端:
1:activity:界面

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    Socket socket = null;
    String buffer = "";
    TextView txt1;
    Button send;
    EditText ed1;
    String geted1;
    public Handler myHandler = new Handler() {
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            if (msg.what == 0x11) {
                Bundle bundle = msg.getData();
                txt1.append("server:" + bundle.getString("msg") + "\n");
            }
        }

    };

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        txt1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt1);
        send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
        ed1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.ed1);
        send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                geted1 = ed1.getText().toString();
                txt1.append("client:" + geted1 + "\n");
                //启动线程 向服务器发送和接收信息
                new MyThread(geted1).start();
                ed1.getText().clear();
            }
        });
    }

    class MyThread extends Thread {

        public String txt1;

        public MyThread(String str) {
            txt1 = str;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            //定义消息
            Message msg = new Message();
            msg.what = 0x11;
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.clear();
            try {
                //连接服务器 并设置连接超时为5秒
                socket = new Socket();
                socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress("192.168.0.102", 30000), 5000);

                //向服务器发送信息
                OutputStream ou = socket.getOutputStream();
                ou.write(("android client:" + txt1).getBytes("gbk"));
                ou.flush();

                BufferedReader bff = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                        socket.getInputStream()));
                //读取发来服务器信息
                String line = null;
                buffer = "";
                while ((line = bff.readLine()) != null) {
                    buffer = line + buffer;
                }
                bundle.putString("msg", buffer.toString());
                msg.setData(bundle);
                myHandler.sendMessage(msg);
                bff.close();
                ou.close();
                socket.close();
            } catch (SocketTimeoutException aa) {
                //连接超时 在UI界面显示消息
                bundle.putString("msg", "服务器连接失败！请检查网络是否打开");
                msg.setData(bundle);
                //发送消息 修改UI线程中的组件
                myHandler.sendMessage(msg);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

2:manifext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.aile.client">

    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

3:layout布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.aile.client.MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/ed1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="给服务器发送信息"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/ed1"
        android:text="发送"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/send"/>


</RelativeLayout>

服务器端:新建类

public class AndroidService {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serivce = new ServerSocket(30000);
        while (true) {
            //等待客户端连接
            Socket socket = serivce.accept();
            new Thread(new AndroidRunable(socket)).start();
        }
    }

    public static class AndroidRunable implements Runnable {

        Socket socket = null;

        public AndroidRunable(Socket socket) {
            this.socket = socket;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            // 向android客户端输出hello worild
            String line = null;
            InputStream input;
            OutputStream output;
            String str = "你好!";
            try {
                //向客户端发送信息
                output = socket.getOutputStream();
                input = socket.getInputStream();
                BufferedReader bff = new BufferedReader(
                        new InputStreamReader(input));
                output.write(str.getBytes("gbk"));
                output.flush();
                //半关闭socket
                socket.shutdownOutput();

                //获取客户端的信息
                while ((line = bff.readLine()) != null) {
                    System.out.print(line);
                }
                //关闭输入输出流
                output.close();
                bff.close();
                input.close();
                socket.close();

            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
    }

}

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