The C Programming Language 练习题3-6

题目
修改itoa函数，使得该函数可以接收三个参数。其中，第三个参数为最小字段宽度。为了保证转换后所得的结果至少具有第三个参数指定的最小宽度，在必要时应在所得结果的左边填充一定的空格。

题目分析
先进行抓换，然后判断字符串长度是否小于最小宽度。

代码实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void reverse(char s[])
{
    int c, i, j;
    for (i = 0, j = strlen(s)-1; i < j; i++, j--)
    {
        c = s[i];
        s[i] = s[j];
        s[j] = c;
    }
}

void itoa(int n, char s[], int j)
{
    int i, lengths, sign;
    char s2[20];
    unsigned m;

    if ((sign = n) < 0)
        m = -n;
    i = 0;

    do
    {
        s[i++] = m % 10 + '0';
    }
    while ((m /= 10) > 0);

    if (sign < 0)
        s[i++] = '-';
    s[i] = '\0';
    reverse(s);

    if ((lengths = strlen(s)) < j)
    {
        i = 0;
        lengths = j - lengths;
        while (s[i] != '\0')
            {
                s2[i+lengths] = s[i];
                i++;
            }
        s2[i+lengths] = '\0';
        i = 0;
        do
        {
            s2[i++] = ' ';
            lengths--;
        }
        while (lengths > 0);
    }
    i = 0;
    while (s2[i] != '\0')
    {
        s[i] = s2[i];
        i++;
    }
    s[i] = '\0';
}

int main()
{
    int i, n, x;
    char s1[20];

    i = -2147483648;
    x = 16;
    itoa(i, s1, x);
    n = 0;
    while (s1[n] != '\0')
        printf("%c", s1[n++]);
    return 0;
}