在Http传输协议中Get和Post是最常用的两种, HTTP 的工作方式是客户机与服务器之间的请求-应答协议。web 浏览器可能是客户端,而计算机上的网络应用程序也可能作为服务器端。举例:客户端(浏览器)向服务器提交 HTTP 请求;服务器向客户端返回响应。响应包含关于请求的状态信息以及可能被请求的内容。
- GET - 从指定的资源请求数据。
- POST - 向指定的资源提交要被处理的数据
GET 方法查询字符串(名称/值对)是在 GET 请求的 URL 中发送的:
/test/demo_form.asp?name1=value1&name2=value2
url和请求体之间用"?"分割,不同参数之间用"&"分隔,%XX中的XX为该符号以16进制表示的ASCII,如果数据是英文字母/数字,原样发送,如果是空格,转换为+,如果是中文/其他字符,则直接把字符串用BASE64加密。
Post查询字符串(名称/值对)是在 POST 请求的 HTTP 消息主体中发送的:
POST /test/demo_form.asp HTTP/1.1 Host: w3schools.com name1=value1&name2=value2POST把提交的数据则放置在是HTTP包的包体中,Post没有限制提交的数据。
用java进行封装
package com.framework.automation.cucumber.utilities;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpUtil {
//连接池
private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionMgr;
//超时时间
private static final int MAX_TIMEOUT = 7000;
private static RequestConfig requestConfig;
static{
//设置连接池
connectionMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
//设置连接池大小
connectionMgr.setMaxTotal(100);
connectionMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(connectionMgr.getMaxTotal());
RequestConfig.Builder configBuilder = RequestConfig.custom();
//设置连接超时
configBuilder.setConnectTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
//设置读取超时
configBuilder.setSocketTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
//设置从连接池获取连接实例的超时
configBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
requestConfig = configBuilder.build();
}
/**
* GET 请求 带输入参数
* @param Url 请求host地址
* @param params 参数
* @return
*/
public static String httpGet(String Url,Map<String, Object>params)
{
//返回结果
String result = null;
//拼接url
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(Url);
if (Url.contains("?")) {
builder.append("&");
}else{
builder.append("?");
}
int i=0;
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
if (i != 0 ) {
builder.append("&");
}
builder.append(key);
builder.append("=");
builder.append(params.get(key));
i++;
}
String apiUrl = builder.toString();
System.out.println(apiUrl);
//创建client
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(apiUrl);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
//获取请求状态码
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
//System.out.println(statusCode);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* POST 请求
* @param url 请求url
* @param params post提交参数
* @return
*/
public static String httpPost(String url,Map<String, Object>params)
{
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String result = null;
try {
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
//添加post提交参数
ArrayList<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry:params.entrySet())
{
NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());
pairList.add(pair);
}
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList,"UTF-8"));
System.out.println(pairList);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
//获取状态码
int statueCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
//System.out.println(statueCode);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}