PSCollectionView是一个实现较简洁的仿Pinterest瀑布流iOS版实现,使用UIScrollView做容器,每列列宽固定,高度可变,使用方式类似UITableView。
其效果如图:
一.基本原理
其基本实现原理为:
- 列数固定,根据列数每列存储一个当前列的高度值。
- 每次插入数据块时,在当前最小高度的列里插入,然后更新当前列的高度为原有高度加上当前数据模块高度
- 重复2直到所有数据模块插入完毕
- 调整容器(UIScrollView)的高度为各列最大的高度值。
二.具体实现
1. 相关数据结构
公共属性
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIView *headerView;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIView *footerView;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIView *emptyView;
@property (nonatomic, retain) UIView *loadingView;
@property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) CGFloat colWidth;
@property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) NSInteger numCols;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger numColsLandscape;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger numColsPortrait;
@property (nonatomic, assign) id collectionViewDelegate;
@property (nonatomic, assign) id collectionViewDataSource;
- headerView,footerView,emptyView,loadingView分别对应列表头部,尾部,空白时,正在加载时要显示的视图。
numColsLandscape,numColsPortrait为横屏和竖屏时的列数。 - colWidth,numCols为只读属性,根据当前的视图方向,视图总大小,横屏和竖屏时的列数计算得出。
- collectionViewDelegate,collectionViewDataSource为Delegate和数据源。
私有属性
@property (nonatomic, assign, readwrite) CGFloat colWidth;
@property (nonatomic, assign, readwrite) NSInteger numCols;
@property (nonatomic, assign) UIInterfaceOrientation orientation;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableSet *reuseableViews;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableDictionary *visibleViews;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *viewKeysToRemove;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableDictionary *indexToRectMap;
- 私有属性将colWidth,numCols定义为readwrite,便于内部赋值操作。
- orientation为当前视图的方向,从UIApplication的statusBarOrientation属性获取。
- reuseableViews数据集存储可重用的的数据块视图,在数据块移除可见范围时将其放入reuseableViews中,当DataSource调用dequeueReusableView时,从reuseableViews取出一个返回。
- visibleViews字典存储当前可见的数据块视图,key为数据块索引,当容器滚动时,将移除可见范围的数据块视图从visibleViews中移除,并放入reuseableViews中;当存在应该显示的数据块视图,但还未放入容器视图时,则从DataSource获取新的数据块视图,加入到容器视图中,同时将其加入到visibleViews中。
- viewKeysToRemove数组在遍历visibleViews时存储应该移除的数据块视图Key。
- indexToRectMap数据字典存储每个数据块(不管可不可见)在容器中的位置,将CGRect转换为NSString(NSStringFromCGRect)作为Value存储,Key为数据块的索引。
2.视图更新方式
- 在reloadData或视图方向发生变化时,需要重新计算所有数据块的位置并重新加载,见relayoutViews方法。
- 当滑动容器时,UIScrollView会调用其layoutSubviews方法,若方向未变化,则不需要重新加载所有数据块,仅仅需要移除非可见的数据块,载入进入可见范围的数据块,见removeAndAddCellsIfNecessary方法.
#pragma mark - DataSource - (void)reloadData { [self relayoutViews]; } #pragma mark - View - (void)layoutSubviews { [super layoutSubviews]; UIInterfaceOrientation orientation = [UIApplication sharedApplication].statusBarOrientation; if (self.orientation != orientation) { self.orientation = orientation; [self relayoutViews]; } else { [self removeAndAddCellsIfNecessary]; } }
3.relayoutViews方法
relayoutViews会将现有的所有数据块视图清除,重新从DataSource获取数据,重新计算所有数据块视图的位置,容器的高度等。
- 首先遍历可见数据块视图字典visibleViews,将所有数据块视图放入reuseableViews中,并清空visibleViews,indexToRectMap。
- 将emptyView,loadingView从容器视图中移除。
- 从DataSource获取数据块的个数numViews。
- 若headerView不为nil,则将headerView视图加入到容器,更新top索引。
- 若numViews不为0,则依次计算每个数据块的位置。使用colOffsets存储每一列的当前高度,每次增加数据块时将其添加到高度最小的列中,所处的列确定后,其orig坐标就确定了,宽度固定,再从DataSource获取此数据块的高度,那么当前数据块的frame位置就确定了,将其转换为NSString(使用setObject:NSStringFromCGRect)存储到indexToRectMap字典中,以数控块索引为key;同时将当前列的高度更新,再继续处理下一数据块,还是加入到高度最小的列中,直至所有数据块处理完毕。
- 这时的总高度即最高列的高度。
- 若numViews为0,则将emptyView增加到容器中,总高度则为添加emptyView的高度。
- 若footerView不为nil,则将footerView加入到容器中.
- 这时的总高度totalHeight即为最终容器内容的总高度,将其赋值的UIScrollView的contentSize属性。
- 这时headerView和footView已加入到容器中,但所有的数据块只是计算了其应该处于的位置,并未实际放入容器中,调用removeAndAddCellsIfNecessary将当前可见的数据块视图加入到容器中。
- (void)relayoutViews { self.numCols = UIInterfaceOrientationIsPortrait(self.orientation) ? self.numColsPortrait : self.numColsLandscape; // Reset all state [self.visibleViews enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) { PSCollectionViewCell *view = (PSCollectionViewCell *)obj; [self enqueueReusableView:view]; }]; [self.visibleViews removeAllObjects]; [self.viewKeysToRemove removeAllObjects]; [self.indexToRectMap removeAllObjects]; if (self.emptyView) { [self.emptyView removeFromSuperview]; } [self.loadingView removeFromSuperview]; // This is where we should layout the entire grid first NSInteger numViews = [self.collectionViewDataSource numberOfViewsInCollectionView:self]; CGFloat totalHeight = 0.0; CGFloat top = kMargin; // Add headerView if it exists if (self.headerView) { self.headerView.top = kMargin; top = self.headerView.top; [self addSubview:self.headerView]; top += self.headerView.height; top += kMargin; } if (numViews > 0) { // This array determines the last height offset on a column NSMutableArray *colOffsets = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:self.numCols]; for (int i = 0; i < self.numCols; i++) { [colOffsets addObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:top]]; } // Calculate index to rect mapping self.colWidth = floorf((self.width - kMargin * (self.numCols + 1)) / self.numCols); for (NSInteger i = 0; i < numViews; i++) { NSString *key = PSCollectionKeyForIndex(i); // Find the shortest column NSInteger col = 0; CGFloat minHeight = [[colOffsets objectAtIndex:col] floatValue]; for (int i = 1; i < [colOffsets count]; i++) { CGFloat colHeight = [[colOffsets objectAtIndex:i] floatValue]; if (colHeight < minHeight) { col = i; minHeight = colHeight; } } CGFloat left = kMargin + (col * kMargin) + (col * self.colWidth); CGFloat top = [[colOffsets objectAtIndex:col] floatValue]; CGFloat colHeight = [self.collectionViewDataSource heightForViewAtIndex:i]; if (colHeight == 0) { colHeight = self.colWidth; } if (top != top) { // NaN } CGRect viewRect = CGRectMake(left, top, self.colWidth, colHeight); // Add to index rect map [self.indexToRectMap setObject:NSStringFromCGRect(viewRect) forKey:key]; // Update the last height offset for this column CGFloat test = top + colHeight + kMargin; if (test != test) { // NaN } [colOffsets replaceObjectAtIndex:col withObject:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:test]]; } for (NSNumber *colHeight in colOffsets) { totalHeight = (totalHeight < [colHeight floatValue]) ? [colHeight floatValue] : totalHeight; } } else { totalHeight = self.height; // If we have an empty view, show it if (self.emptyView) { self.emptyView.frame = CGRectMake(kMargin, top, self.width - kMargin * 2, self.height - top - kMargin); [self addSubview:self.emptyView]; } } // Add footerView if exists if (self.footerView) { self.footerView.top = totalHeight; [self addSubview:self.footerView]; totalHeight += self.footerView.height; totalHeight += kMargin; } self.contentSize = CGSizeMake(self.width, totalHeight); [self removeAndAddCellsIfNecessary]; }
4.removeAndAddCellsIfNecessary方法
removeAndAddCellsIfNecessary根据当前容器UIScrollView的contentOffset,将用户不可见的数据块视图从容器中移除,将用户可见的数据块视图加入到容器中。
- 获得当前容器的可见部分。
CGRect visibleRect = CGRectMake(self.contentOffset.x, self.contentOffset.y, self.width, self.height);
- 逐个遍历visibleViews中的视图,使用CGRectIntersectsRect方法判断其frame与容器可见部分visibleRect是否有交集,若没有,则将其从visibleViews中去除,并添加到reuseableViews中。
- 对visibleViews剩余的数据块视图排序,获得其最小索引(topIndex)和最大索引(bottomIndex)。
- 将topIndex和bottomIndex分别向上和向下扩充bufferViewFactor*numCols个数据块索引。
- 从topIndex开始到bottomIndex判断索引对应的数据块视图的位置是否在容器的visibleRect范围内,以及其是否在visibleViews中。若其应该显示,而且不在visibleViews中,则向DataSource请求一个新的数据块视图,加到容器视图中,同时添加到visibleViews中。
这样新的ScrollView可见区域就可以被数据块填充满。
- (void)removeAndAddCellsIfNecessary { static NSInteger bufferViewFactor = 5; static NSInteger topIndex = 0; static NSInteger bottomIndex = 0; NSInteger numViews = [self.collectionViewDataSource numberOfViewsInCollectionView:self]; if (numViews == 0) return; // Find out what rows are visible CGRect visibleRect = CGRectMake(self.contentOffset.x, self.contentOffset.y, self.width, self.height); // Remove all rows that are not inside the visible rect [self.visibleViews enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) { PSCollectionViewCell *view = (PSCollectionViewCell *)obj; CGRect viewRect = view.frame; if (!CGRectIntersectsRect(visibleRect, viewRect)) { [self enqueueReusableView:view]; [self.viewKeysToRemove addObject:key]; } }]; [self.visibleViews removeObjectsForKeys:self.viewKeysToRemove]; [self.viewKeysToRemove removeAllObjects]; if ([self.visibleViews count] == 0) { topIndex = 0; bottomIndex = numViews; } else { NSArray *sortedKeys = [[self.visibleViews allKeys] sortedArrayUsingComparator:^(id obj1, id obj2) { if ([obj1 integerValue] < [obj2 integerValue]) { return (NSComparisonResult)NSOrderedAscending; } else if ([obj1 integerValue] > [obj2 integerValue]) { return (NSComparisonResult)NSOrderedDescending; } else { return (NSComparisonResult)NSOrderedSame; } }]; topIndex = [[sortedKeys objectAtIndex:0] integerValue]; bottomIndex = [[sortedKeys lastObject] integerValue]; topIndex = MAX(0, topIndex - (bufferViewFactor * self.numCols)); bottomIndex = MIN(numViews, bottomIndex + (bufferViewFactor * self.numCols)); } // NSLog(@"topIndex: %d, bottomIndex: %d", topIndex, bottomIndex); // Add views for (NSInteger i = topIndex; i < bottomIndex; i++) { NSString *key = PSCollectionKeyForIndex(i); CGRect rect = CGRectFromString([self.indexToRectMap objectForKey:key]); // If view is within visible rect and is not already shown if (![self.visibleViews objectForKey:key] && CGRectIntersectsRect(visibleRect, rect)) { // Only add views if not visible PSCollectionViewCell *newView = [self.collectionViewDataSource collectionView:self viewAtIndex:i]; newView.frame = CGRectFromString([self.indexToRectMap objectForKey:key]); [self addSubview:newView]; // Setup gesture recognizer if ([newView.gestureRecognizers count] == 0) { PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer *gr = [[[PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(didSelectView:)] autorelease]; gr.delegate = self; [newView addGestureRecognizer:gr]; newView.userInteractionEnabled = YES; } [self.visibleViews setObject:newView forKey:key]; } } }
5.select方法
其定义了一个UITapGestureRecognizer的子类PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer来检测每个数据块的点击操作。
从DataSource获取到一个新的数据块视图时,会检测里面是否已包含gesture recognizer对象,若没有则新创建一个PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer对象放入,将delegate设为自身。// Setup gesture recognizer if ([newView.gestureRecognizers count] == 0) { PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer *gr = [[[PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(didSelectView:)] autorelease]; gr.delegate = self; [newView addGestureRecognizer:gr]; newView.userInteractionEnabled = YES; }
手势识别检测到点击时会向Delegate询问此点是否可接受(gestureRecognizer:shouldReceiveTouch:),若手势识别对象是PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer类型,则是我们添加进去的。若该点所属的数据块视图可见,则接受此点,若不可见,则忽略。若手势识别对象不是PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer对象,就不是我们放入的,则一直返回YES。
- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch { if (![gestureRecognizer isMemberOfClass:[PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer class]]) return YES; NSString *rectString = NSStringFromCGRect(gestureRecognizer.view.frame); NSArray *matchingKeys = [self.indexToRectMap allKeysForObject:rectString]; NSString *key = [matchingKeys lastObject]; if ([touch.view isMemberOfClass:[[self.visibleViews objectForKey:key] class]]) { return YES; } else { return NO; } }
当检测到点击操作时,调用didSelectView:方法,在其中调用delegate的collectionView:didSelectView:atIndex:方法,传递参数为self对象,选择的数据块视图以及选择的数据块索引;
- (void)didSelectView:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer { NSString *rectString = NSStringFromCGRect(gestureRecognizer.view.frame); NSArray *matchingKeys = [self.indexToRectMap allKeysForObject:rectString]; NSString *key = [matchingKeys lastObject]; if ([gestureRecognizer.view isMemberOfClass:[[self.visibleViews objectForKey:key] class]]) { if (self.collectionViewDelegate && [self.collectionViewDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(collectionView:didSelectView:atIndex:)]) { NSInteger matchingIndex = PSCollectionIndexForKey([matchingKeys lastObject]); [self.collectionViewDelegate collectionView:self didSelectView:(PSCollectionViewCell *)gestureRecognizer.view atIndex:matchingIndex]; } } }
这种方式还存在各种问题
- 若DataSource返回的数据块视图中已加入自己的UITapGestureRecognizer对象,则[newView.gestureRecognizers count]就不为0,在判断时PSCollectionView内部定义的PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer就不会加入, 这样选择数据块视图的操作就不会触发。
- 实现的gestureRecognizer:shouldReceiveTouch:方法对非PSCollectionViewTapGestureRecognizer的对象直接返回YES。这样,如果子类化PSCollectionView重写gestureRecognizer:shouldReceiveTouch:方法时,如果调用super的此方法,则会直接返回,不会执行自己的定制化操作;若不调用super的此方法,则选择功能就会出差错。
6.重用数据块视图机制
NSMutableSet *reuseableViews;
中存储可复用的数据块视图。dequeueReusableView从reuseableViews中任取一个视图返回,enqueueReusableView将数据块视图放入reuseableViews中。#pragma mark - Reusing Views - (PSCollectionViewCell *)dequeueReusableView { PSCollectionViewCell *view = [self.reuseableViews anyObject]; if (view) { // Found a reusable view, remove it from the set [view retain]; [self.reuseableViews removeObject:view]; [view autorelease]; } return view; } - (void)enqueueReusableView:(PSCollectionViewCell *)view { if ([view respondsToSelector:@selector(prepareForReuse)]) { [view performSelector:@selector(prepareForReuse)]; } view.frame = CGRectZero; [self.reuseableViews addObject:view]; [view removeFromSuperview]; }
代码:
PSCollectionView.h
PSCollectionView.m
PSCollectionViewCell.h
PSCollectionViewCell.mgit工程:
https://github.com/ptshih/PSCollectionView三.使用方法
创建PSCollectionView对象
self.collectionView = [[[PSCollectionView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds] autorelease]; self.collectionView.delegate = self; self.collectionView.collectionViewDelegate = self; self.collectionView.collectionViewDataSource = self; self.collectionView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
设置列数
// Specify number of columns for both iPhone and iPad if (isDeviceIPad()) { self.collectionView.numColsPortrait = 4; self.collectionView.numColsLandscape = 5; } else { self.collectionView.numColsPortrait = 2; self.collectionView.numColsLandscape = 3; }
添加header,footer,empty,loader等视图
UIView *loadingLabel = ... self.collectionView.loadingView = loadingLabel; UIView *emptyView = ... self.collectionView.emptyView = emptyView; UIView *headerView = ... self.collectionView.headerView = headerView; UIView *footerView = ... self.collectionView.footerView = footerView;
实现Delegate和DataSource
- (PSCollectionViewCell *)collectionView:(PSCollectionView *)collectionView viewAtIndex:(NSInteger)index { NSDictionary *item = [self.items objectAtIndex:index]; // You should probably subclass PSCollectionViewCell PSCollectionViewCell *v = (PSCollectionViewCell *)[self.collectionView dequeueReusableView]; if (!v) { v = [[[PSCollectionViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero] autorelease]; } [v fillViewWithObject:item] return v; } - (CGFloat)heightForViewAtIndex:(NSInteger)index { NSDictionary *item = [self.items objectAtIndex:index]; // You should probably subclass PSCollectionViewCell return [PSCollectionViewCell heightForViewWithObject:item inColumnWidth:self.collectionView.colWidth]; } - (void)collectionView:(PSCollectionView *)collectionView didSelectView:(PSCollectionViewCell *)view atIndex:(NSInteger)index { // Do something with the tap }
四.其他瀑布流实现
1.WaterflowView
2.上拉刷新瀑布流将PSCollectionView与EGOTableViewPullRefresh结合,增加上拉/下拉刷新效果。
3.瀑布效果,不同的实现方式参考:
PSCollectionView
When does layoutSubviews get called?
Overriding layoutSubviews when rotating UIView
iPhone开发笔记 – 瀑布流布局
瀑布流布局浅析
说说瀑布流式网站里那些可人的小细节
EGOTableViewPullRefresh