21 NESMA 浏览和滚动功能案例分析

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21 BROWSE AND SCROLL FUNCTIONS（浏览和滚动功能）

译文

浏览和滚动功能可能以多种形状和大小出现。当这些不同的形状和尺寸提供相同的功能时，FPA努力以相同的方式对它们进行计数，即使它们是以不同的方式实现的。因此，这个示例将深入分析大量不同的情况，并指出应如何计算每种情况。

21.1 通过唯一标识数据进行选择

问题描述

为“显示客户数据”功能输入唯一的客户编号。完成后，可能会出现以下情况：

显示相关客户的数据。不存在使用功能键检索不同客户数据的选项。
显示相关客户的数据，然后使用功能键检索下一位或前一位客户的数据。
所有客户的核心数据都显示在概览屏幕上（每个客户一行），从输入的客户编号开始。由于空间不足，当屏幕无法显示所有数据时，用户可以滚动浏览这些数据。
所有客户的核心数据都显示在概览屏幕上（每个客户一行），从输入的客户编号开始。由于空间不足，当屏幕无法显示所有数据时，用户可以滚动浏览这些数据。选择此屏幕上的一个客户后，应用程序将显示其详细数据。
显示相关客户的详细数据。通过功能键，用户可以从详细屏幕上显示的客户开始，请求屏幕显示所有客户的核心数据概览（每个客户一行）。如果由于空间不足，屏幕无法显示所有数据，则用户可以滚动浏览这些数据。然后可以在概览屏幕上再次选择特定客户，然后应用程序在详细屏幕上显示其数据。
所有客户的核心数据都显示在概览屏幕上（每个客户一行），从输入的客户编号开始。如果由于空间不足，屏幕无法显示所有数据，用户可以滚动浏览这些数据。选择此屏幕上的一个客户后，应用程序将显示其详细数据，然后可以使用功能键检索下一个或上一个客户的数据。

在上述每种情况下，应确定哪些外部输出和/或外部查询？

讨论

情况1 显然是一个外部查询；没有更多，没有更少。客户由其唯一的客户编号确定。只有一位客户拥有该号码。没有机会浏览。

情况2 似乎也是一个外部查询的案例。然而，实际上，该功能允许用户从起始点浏览所有客户。提供了完整的客户集合，可以出现的客户数量各不相同。这意味着存在一个外部输出。

情况3 也是外部输出。这里也定义了一个起始点。
将显示多个客户，并且从该起始点开始的客户数量未知。因此，必须识别一个外部输出。用户是否可以使用功能键进一步滚动并不重要，因为存在的客户超过了屏幕可以显示的数量。在同一集合中滚动不是单独的功能，而是外部输出的一部分。第3种情况和第2种情况的唯一区别在于，情况2可以显示所有的客户数据，情况3只能显示核心数据。

情况4 实际上提供了两种功能。与情况3一样，概览屏幕是一个外部输出。
在详细屏幕上显示特定客户的数据被视为不同的功能，因为涉及不同的数据元素类型集。（概览屏幕上仅显示客户的核心数据，而详细屏幕上显示客户的所有数据。）此外，调用该功能是可选的。
此外，功能本身可以独立存在。因此，该功能也是一个基本过程。这反过来意味着详细数据的显示被视为单独的功能。这是一个外部查询，因为用户一旦进入详细屏幕，就无法滚动信息。有一个外部输出和一个外部查询。

从功能角度来看，情况5 与情况4 相同，只是屏幕的显示顺序不同。屏幕顺序对FPA不重要。识别在情况5中识别和情况4中相同的功能。

与情形4 一样，情形6 提供了两个功能。概览屏幕是一个外部输出。在详细屏幕上显示特定客户的数据被视为不同的功能，因为涉及不同的数据元素类型集。（概览屏幕上仅显示客户的核心数据，而详细屏幕上显示客户的所有数据。）此外，调用该功能是可选的。功能本身可以独立存在。因此，该功能也是一个基本过程。这反过来意味着详细数据的显示被视为单独的功能。然而，与情形4 不同的是，情形6 确实允许用户浏览详细的屏幕，因此提供了与情形2 相同的功能。因此，详细数据的显示被计为一个外部输出。因此，情况6 共有2个外部输出。

答案

确定以下功能：
情况1：一个外部查询
情况2：一个外部输出
情况3：一个外部输出
情景4：一个外部输出和一个外部查询
情景5：一个外部输出和一个外部查询
情况6：两个外部输出

21.2 通过非唯一标识数据进行选择，然后浏览

问题描述

当用户为“显示客户数据”功能输入唯一的销售代表编号时，将显示相关销售代表的第一位客户。使用功能键，用户可以浏览到这个销售代表的前一位客户或下一位客户。

是否存在一个或多个外部查询和/或一个或更多外部输出？

讨论

当用户输入一个唯一的销售代表号码时，他不知道该号码能检索出有多少客户。这意味着输出大小不同，并且它被计为一个外部输出。浏览功能是外部输出的一部分，用于浏览的功能键不算作附加功能或数据元素类型。

答案

计算一个外部输出。

21.3 通过唯一标识数据进行选择，然后在另一次选择后进行浏览

问题描述

当通过唯一的客户编号查询客户数据时，用户可以使用功能键检索与查询结果相同销售代表的前一位或后一位客户。

是否存在一个或多个外部查询和/或一个或更多外部输出？

讨论

当用户按客户编号查询数据时，输出由该客户编号唯一确定的，并且大小不变的数据。这是一项外部查询。

当使用功能键检索上一位或下一位客户时，显示的是与唯一客户编号匹配的相同销售代表的客户信息集合。这意味着需要不同的逻辑处理。即使特定显示的客户是唯一确定的，用户现在浏览的是与相同销售代表的客户集合。此集合的大小不同，因此识别为外部输出。

答案

计算一个外部查询和一个外部输出。

原文

Browse and scroll functions may appear in many shapes and sizes. FPA strives to count these different shapes and sizes in the same fashion when they provide the same functionality even though they have been realized in a different way. As a result, this illustration will go into a large number of different situations and will indicate how each situation should be counted.

21.1 Selection via uniquely identifying data

Problem description

A unique customer number is entered for the function “Show Customer Data”. Once this has been done, the following situations can present themselves:

The data of the customer concerned is displayed. No option exists to use functions keys in order to retrieve the data of a different customer.
The data of the customer concerned is displayed, after which the data of the following or previous customer can be retrieved by using function keys.
The core data of all customers is displayed on an overview screen (one line per customer), starting from the customer number entered. The user can scroll through this data when the screen cannot display all of it because of a lack of room.
The core data of all customers is displayed on an overview screen (one line per customer), starting from the customer number entered. The user can scroll through this data when the screen cannot display all of it because of a lack of room. After one of the customers on this screen has been selected, the application displays its detailed data.
The detailed data of the customer concerned is displayed. Via a function key, a user can then request a screen-display overview of the core data of all customers (one line per customer), starting from the customer that was shown on the detailed screen. The user can then scroll through this data if the screen cannot display all of it because of a lack of room. A particular customer can then again be selected on the overview screen, after which the application displays its data on a detailed screen.
The core data of all customers is displayed on an overview screen (one line per customer), starting from the customer number entered. The user can scroll through this data if the screen cannot display all of it because of a lack of room. After one of the customers on this screen has been selected, the application displays its detailed data, after which the data of the following or previous customer can be retrieved by using function keys.

Which external outputs and/or external inquiries should be identified in each of the situations above?

Discussion

Situation one is clearly an external inquiry; nothing more, nothing less. The customer is determined in a unique fashion by its customer number. Only one customer has that number. No opportunity to browse is given.

Situation two also seems to be a case of an external inquiry. In reality, however, the function allows the user to browse through all the customers from a defined starting point. The entire collection of customers is provided and the quantity of customers that can appear varies. This means that one external output is present.

Situation three also has an external output. Here, too, a starting point has been defined.

Several customers are displayed and the number of customers that will follow from that starting point is not known. As a result, one external output must be identified. It does not matter whether the user can scroll further with the function key because there are more customers than the screen can display. Scrolling within the same collection is not a separate function, but rather a part of the external output. The only difference between situation three and two is that all the data of a customer can be displayed in two and only core data in three.

Two functions are in fact provided in situation four. Just as in situation three, the overview screen is an external output.

Displaying data of a specific customer on the detailed screen is considered a different functionality because a different set of data element types is involved. (Only the core data of a customer appears on the overview screen, whereas all the data of a customer is displayed on the detailed screen.) Moreover, calling the function is optional.

Additionally, the function itself could exist independently. Therefore, this function is also an elementary process. This, in turn, means that the displaying of detailed data is counted as a separate function. It is an external inquiry because the user cannot scroll through information once he is on the detailed screen. There is one external output and one external inquiry.

From a functional standpoint, situation five is the same as situation four, only the screens appear in a different sequence. The sequence of screens is not important to FPA. The same functions identified in situation four are identified in five.

Just as in situation four, two functions are provided in situation six. The overview screen is once again an external output. Displaying data of a specific customer on the detailed screen is considered a different functionality because a different set of data element types is involved. (Only the core data of a customer appears on the overview screen, whereas all the data of a customer is displayed on the detailed screen.) Moreover, calling the function is optional. The function itself could exist independently. Therefore, this function is also an elementary process. This, in turn, means that the displaying of detailed data is counted as a separate function. Unlike situation four, however, situation six does allow the user to browse through the detailed screens and, so, the same functionality is provided as in situation two. The displaying of detailed data is therefore counted as one external output. As a result, situation six has two external outputs in total.

Solution

Identify the following functions:
Situation 1: One external inquiry
Situation 2: One external output
Situation 3: One external output
Situation 4: One external output and one external inquiry
Situation 5: One external output and one external inquiry
Situation 6: Two external outputs

21.2 Selection via non-uniquely identifying data, followed by browsing

Problem description

When a user enters a unique representative number for the function Show Customer Data, the first customer of the representative concerned is displayed. Using the functions keys, the user can then browse to a previous customer of the representative or to a following one.

Are there one or more external inquiries present here and/or one or more external outputs?

Discussion

When a user enters a unique representative number, he does not know how many customers this representative has. This means that the output varies in size and that it is counted as one external output. The browse function is a part of the external output, and the function keys used to browse with are not counted as an additional function or as data element types.

Solution

Count one external output.

21.3 Selection via uniquely identifying data, followed by browsing after another selection

Problem description

When querying customer data via a unique customer number, a user can retrieve a previous or following customer of the same representative by using function keys.
Is there one or more external inquiries present here and/or one or more external outputs?

Discussion

When a user queries the data by customer number, the output is determined uniquely by that customer number and does not vary in size. This is an external inquiry.

When function keys are used to retrieve the previous or the following customer of the same representative, the customer number of the customer displayed and the representative number are used as search keys. This means that a different logical processing is necessary. Even though the customer specifically shown has been determined uniquely, the user now browses through the collection of customers belonging to a single representative. The size of this collection varies and, therefore, an external output is present.