Spring Boot使我们更容易去创建基于Spring的独立和产品级的可以”即时运行“的应用和服务。支持约定大于配置,目的是尽可能快地构建和运行Spring应用。
之前我们创建基于Spring的项目需要考虑添加哪些Spring依赖和第三方的依赖。使用Spring Boot后,我们可以以最小化的依赖开始spring应用。大多数Spring Boot应用需要很少的配置即可运行,比如我们可以创建独立独立大Java应用,然后通过java -jar运行启动或者传统的WAR部署。其也提供了命令行工具来直接运行Spring脚本(如groovy脚本)。也就是说Spring Boot让Spring应用从配置到运行变的更加简单,但不对Spring本身提供增强(即额外的功能)。
目的:
让所有Spring开发变得更快,且让更多的人更快的进行Spring入门体验,提供“starter” POM来简化我们的Maven配置(也就是说使用Spring Boot只有配合maven/gradle等这种依赖管理工具才能发挥它的能力),不像以前,构建一个springmvc项目需要进行好多配置等
开箱即用,快速开始需求开发而不被其他方面影响(如果可能会自动配置Spring)
提供一些非功能性的常见的大型项目类特性(如内嵌服务器、安全、度量、健康检查、外部化配置),如可以直接地内嵌Tomcat/Jetty(不需要单独去部署war包)
绝无代码生成,且无需XML配置
我的构建环境
JDK 7
Maven 3
Servlet3容器
创建项目
首先使用Maven创建一个普通Maven应用即可,不必是web的。
添加Spring Boot相关POM配置
在pom.xml中添加如下配置
- <!-- Inherit defaults from Spring Boot -->
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>0.5.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
- </parent>
- <!-- Add typical dependencies for a web application -->
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <!-- Package as an executable JAR -->
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
- <!-- Allow access to Spring milestones and snapshots -->
- <!-- (you don't need this if you are using anything after 0.5.0.RELEASE) -->
- <repositories>
- <repository>
- <id>spring-snapshots</id>
- <url>http://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
- <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
- </repository>
- <repository>
- <id>spring-milestones</id>
- <url>http://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
- <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
- </repository>
- </repositories>
- <pluginRepositories>
- <pluginRepository>
- <id>spring-snapshots</id>
- <url>http://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
- </pluginRepository>
- <pluginRepository>
- <id>spring-milestones</id>
- <url>http://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
- </pluginRepository>
- </pluginRepositories>
<!-- Inherit defaults from Spring Boot -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.5.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<!-- Add typical dependencies for a web application -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- Package as an executable JAR -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<!-- Allow access to Spring milestones and snapshots -->
<!-- (you don't need this if you are using anything after 0.5.0.RELEASE) -->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-snapshots</id>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
<snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-snapshots</id>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
</pluginRepository>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
继承spring-boot-starter-parent后我们可以继承一些默认的依赖,这样就无需添加一堆相应的依赖,把依赖配置最小化;spring-boot-starter-web提供了对web的支持,spring-boot-maven-plugin提供了直接运行项目的插件,我们可以直接mvn spring-boot:run运行。
实体
- package com.sishuok.entity;
- /**
- * <p>User: Zhang Kaitao
- * <p>Date: 13-12-22
- * <p>Version: 1.0
- */
- public class User {
- private Long id;
- private String name;
- public Long getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(Long id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- @Override
- public boolean equals(Object o) {
- if (this == o) return true;
- if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
- User user = (User) o;
- if (id != null ? !id.equals(user.id) : user.id != null) return false;
- return true;
- }
- @Override
- public int hashCode() {
- return id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0;
- }
- }
package com.sishuok.entity;
/**
* <p>User: Zhang Kaitao
* <p>Date: 13-12-22
* <p>Version: 1.0
*/
public class User {
private Long id;
private String name;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
User user = (User) o;
if (id != null ? !id.equals(user.id) : user.id != null) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0;
}
}
控制器
- package com.sishuok.controller;
- import com.sishuok.entity.User;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- /**
- * <p>User: Zhang Kaitao
- * <p>Date: 13-12-22
- * <p>Version: 1.0
- */
- //@EnableAutoConfiguration
- @RestController
- @RequestMapping("/user")
- public class UserController {
- @RequestMapping("/{id}")
- public User view(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
- User user = new User();
- user.setId(id);
- user.setName("zhang");
- return user;
- }
- //public static void main(String[] args) {
- // SpringApplication.run(UserController.class);
- //}
- }
package com.sishuok.controller;
import com.sishuok.entity.User;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* <p>User: Zhang Kaitao
* <p>Date: 13-12-22
* <p>Version: 1.0
*/
//@EnableAutoConfiguration
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/{id}")
public User view(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(id);
user.setName("zhang");
return user;
}
//public static void main(String[] args) {
// SpringApplication.run(UserController.class);
//}
}
运行
第一种方式
通过在UserController中加上@EnableAutoConfiguration开启自动配置,然后通过SpringApplication.run(UserController.class);运行这个控制器;这种方式只运行一个控制器比较方便;
第二种方式
通过@Configuration+@ComponentScan开启注解扫描并自动注册相应的注解Bean
- package com.sishuok;
- import com.sishuok.controller.UserController;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- /**
- * <p>User: Zhang Kaitao
- * <p>Date: 13-12-22
- * <p>Version: 1.0
- */
- @Configuration
- @ComponentScan
- @EnableAutoConfiguration
- public class Application {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(Application.class);
- }
- }
package com.sishuok;
import com.sishuok.controller.UserController;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* <p>User: Zhang Kaitao
* <p>Date: 13-12-22
* <p>Version: 1.0
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class);
}
}
到此,一个基本的REST风格的web应用就构建完成了。
地址栏输入http://localhost:8080/user/1即可看到json结果。
如果大家查看其依赖,会发现自动添加了需要相应的依赖(不管你用/不用),但是开发一个应用确实变得非常快速,对于想学习/体验Spring的新手,快速建立项目模型等可以考虑用这种方式。当然如果不想依赖这么多的jar包,可以去掉parent,然后自己添加依赖。
欢迎加入spring群134755960进行交流。
参考
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot
form :http://sishuok.com/forum/posts/list/7870.html