Android官方Training阅读笔记 ---- Building a Dynamic UI with Fragments(Creating a Fragment) (一)

To create a dynamic and multi-pane user interface on Android, you need to encapsulate UI components and activity behaviors into modules that you can swap into and out of your activities. You can create these modules with the Fragment class, which behaves somewhat like a nested activity that can define its own layout and manage its own lifecycle.

When a fragment specifies its own layout, it can be configured in different combinations with other fragments inside an activity to modify your layout configuration for different screen sizes (a small screen might show one fragment at a time, but a large screen can show two or more).

This class shows you how to create a dynamic user experience with fragments and optimize your app’s user experience for devices with different screen sizes, all while continuing to support devices running versions as old as Android 1.6.

课程概括。大意是为了更好的用户体验，程序应该能够根据屏幕大小来动态显示不同的界面。典型场景是同一个程序在手机和平板上的显示问题。

---

You can think of a fragment as a modular section of an activity, which has its own lifecycle, receives its own input events, and which you can add or remove while the activity is running (sort of like a “sub activity” that you can reuse in different activities).

你可以把fragment想象成activity的一个模块化部分，它有自己的生命周期，接收自己的输入事件，你可以在activity运行过程中对它进行添加或移除操作。

---

To create a fragment, extend the Fragment class, then override key lifecycle methods to insert your app logic, similar to the way you would with an Activity class.

One difference when creating a Fragment is that you must use the onCreateView() callback to define the layout. In fact, this is the only callback you need in order to get a fragment running. For example, here’s a simple fragment that specifies its own layout:

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class ArticleFragment extends Fragment {
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
        Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.article_view, container, false);
    }
}

Just like an activity, a fragment should implement other lifecycle callbacks that allow you to manage its state as it is added or removed from the activity and as the activity transitions between its lifecycle states. For instance, when the activity’s onPause() method is called, any fragments in the activity also receive a call to onPause().

挺简单的，但是读一读可以加深对fragment的理解。最后一段说的是fragment具有与其宿主activity相同的生命周期。可以通过fragment的生命周期对其进行管理。

---

While fragments are reusable, modular UI components, each instance of a Fragment class must be associated with a parent FragmentActivity. You can achieve this association by defining each fragment within your activity layout XML file.

Note: FragmentActivity is a special activity provided in the Support Library to handle fragments on system versions older than API level 11. If the lowest system version you support is API level 11 or higher, then you can use a regular Activity.

Here is an example layout file that adds two fragments to an activity when the device screen is considered “large” (specified by the large qualifier in the directory name).

res/layout-large/news_articles.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent">

    <fragment android:name="com.example.android.fragments.HeadlinesFragment"
              android:id="@+id/headlines_fragment"
              android:layout_weight="1"
              android:layout_width="0dp"
              android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <fragment android:name="com.example.android.fragments.ArticleFragment"
              android:id="@+id/article_fragment"
              android:layout_weight="2"
              android:layout_width="0dp"
              android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>

Then apply the layout to your activity:

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.news_articles);
    }
}

讲的是可以通过在xml中定义的方式把fragment加入到activity中。