【问题处理小知识】pip安装第三方库时No module named ‘_distutils_hack‘错误处理

概述

当你采用pip安装第三方库时出现No module named ‘_distutils_hack‘错误，多半原因是由于setuptools库版本不对导致，下文将介绍具体处理方法。

处理方法

错误复现

我在安装ultralytics时，当执行如下命令时报错：

pip install -e .

错误如下：

(yolo) D:\JupyterNotebookProject\ultralytics>pip install -e .
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
Obtaining file:///D:/JupyterNotebookProject/ultralytics
  Installing build dependencies ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [9 lines of output]
      Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
      WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1122)'))': /pypi/web/simple/setuptools/
      WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1122)'))': /pypi/web/simple/setuptools/
      WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1122)'))': /pypi/web/simple/setuptools/
      WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1122)'))': /pypi/web/simple/setuptools/
      WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1122)'))': /pypi/web/simple/setuptools/
      Could not fetch URL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple/setuptools/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='mirrors.ustc.edu.cn', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pypi/web/simple/setuptools/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1122)'))) - skipping
      ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement setuptools>=43.0.0 (from versions: none)
      ERROR: No matching distribution found for setuptools>=43.0.0
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

可以看到错误原因是我的setuptools版本不对，于是查询setuptools版本，如下所示：

(yolo) D:\JupyterNotebookProject\ultralytics>pip list
Package           Version
----------------- -----------
filelock          3.13.1
fsspec            2023.12.2
Jinja2            3.1.3
MarkupSafe        2.1.3
mpmath            1.3.0
networkx          3.2.1
pip               23.3.1
setuptools        68.2.2
sympy             1.12
torch             2.1.2+cu118
typing_extensions 4.9.0
wheel             0.41.2

我的setuptools版本为68.2.2，而上文错误中要求setuptools版本必须大于43.0.0，于是决定将setuptools卸载后再安装低版本，具体操作如下：

(yolo) D:\JupyterNotebookProject\ultralytics>pip3 install setuptools==45.0.0
Error processing line 1 of D:\Users\laowu\Anaconda3\envs\yolo\lib\site-packages\distutils-precedence.pth:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "D:\Users\laowu\Anaconda3\envs\yolo\lib\site.py", line 169, in addpackage
      exec(line)
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_distutils_hack'

Remainder of file ignored
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple
Collecting setuptools==45.0.0
  Downloading https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/pypi/web/packages/af/e7/02db816dc88c598281bacebbb7ccf2c9f1a6164942e88f1a0fded8643659/setuptools-45.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (583 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 583.8/583.8 kB 733.4 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: setuptools
Successfully installed setuptools-45.0.0

从上面的代码中可以看出，setuptools成功安装了，但是报错了，错误就是：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_distutils_hack'

但是我并未管，继续重新安装ultralytics，此时安装成功，但是安装过程显示依然有错，如下：

(yolo) D:\JupyterNotebookProject\ultralytics>pip install -e .
Error processing line 1 of D:\Users\laowu\Anaconda3\envs\yolo\lib\site-packages\distutils-precedence.pth:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "D:\Users\laowu\Anaconda3\envs\yolo\lib\site.py", line 169, in addpackage
      exec(line)
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_distutils_hack'

既然安装成功，我便未理会错误，但是在执行命令时发现错误依旧存在，如下：

(yolo) D:\JupyterNotebookProject\ultralytics>yolo
Error processing line 1 of D:\Users\laowu\Anaconda3\envs\yolo\lib\site-packages\distutils-precedence.pth:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "D:\Users\laowu\Anaconda3\envs\yolo\lib\site.py", line 169, in addpackage
      exec(line)
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_distutils_hack'

我意识到必须处理了，于是通过查询，发现导致问题的根本原因是由于setuptools版本不对导致。

错误处理

查到此问题，我是在issueantenna网上，具体链接如下：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘_distutils_hack’

由于部分国内网友可能无法访问该网页，我将其截图如下：

根据文中方法，我将setuptools版本降级为57.5.0后问题成功解决。