【考试总结】IP Addres之subnet mask

考了一个computer network的期中考试，搞了半天也没弄明白subnet和基本IP address的，感觉很郁闷，于是花了一个小时好好研究了一下，记录在此。

为啥要用：

一般来说，IP address分为前段network，后端为host number，有三种格式，Class A B C，即使是B或C，里面host容量也挺大的，一个机构如果用不了那么多，那就多花钱不值得。于是就用submask盖一下，让只有后边几个数代表host 的number。

咋用：

A subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 tells the computer to use the first three numbers as the network and the last as the node. A mask of 255.255.0.0 would tell it to use only the first two numbers as network and the rest as the node. 

例如：
虚：    Subnet Mask 255.255.240.000 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
实：    IP Address 150.215.017.009 10010110.11010111.00010001.00001001
结果：Subnet Address 150.215.016.000 10010110.11010111.00010000.00000000
The subnet address, therefore, is 150.215.016.000.

后记：

An IP address of the form 255.0.0.0 (1 number for network, 3 for node) is called a Class A network 
An IP address of the form 255.255.0.0. (2 for network, 2 for node) is called a Class B 
An IP address of the form 255.255.255.0 (3 for network, 1 for node - most common) is called a Class C network. 

Reference：

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100524090500AAn9e1c

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/subnet_mask.html