Python基础（三）

7.类

类编码风格：
类名采用驼峰命名法，类名中的每个单词的首字母大写，不使用下划线
实例名和模块名小写，在单词之间加上下划线

示例

class Dog():

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def sit(self):
        print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")


my_dog = Dog('willie', 6)

print("My dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title() + ".")
print("My dog is " + str(my_dog.age) + " years old.")
my_dog.sit()

类继承

from car import Car

class Battery():

    def __init__(self, battery_size=60):
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")  

        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
        message += " miles on a full charge."
        print(message)


class ElectricCar(Car):
    def __init__(self, manufacturer, model, year):
        super().__init__(manufacturer, model, year)
        self.battery = Battery()

导入类、导入模块

>>>

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7.文件读取、异常处理、测试代码

• 文件读取

filename = 'pi_digits.txt'

with open(filename) as file_object:
    lines = file_object.readlines()#逐行读取

for line in lines:
    print(line.rstrip())

• 存储数据

import json

numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]

filename = 'numbers.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as file_object:
    json.dump(numbers, file_object)

• 异常处理 try-except 代码块

print("Give me two numbers, and I'll divide them.")
print("Enter 'q' to quit.")

while True:
    first_number = input("\nFirst number: ")
    if first_number == 'q':
        break
    second_number = input("Second number: ")
    try:
        answer = int(first_number) / int(second_number)
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print("You can't divide by 0!")
    else:
        print(answer)

• 测试代码

import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey

class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"
        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
        self.responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']


    def test_store_single_response(self):
        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
        self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.my_survey.responses)


unittest.main()