力扣每日一题2022-04-25中等题：随机数索引

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题目描述

随机数索引

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思路

哈希表

不考虑数组大小，构造函数中使用哈希表记录nums中相同元素的下标。
对于pick操作，可以从哈希表中取出target对应的下标列表，然后随机选择其中一个下标并返回。

Python实现

class Solution:

    def __init__(self, nums: List[int]):
        self.idx = defaultdict(list)
        for i, num in enumerate(nums):
            self.idx[num].append(i)


    def pick(self, target: int) -> int:
        return choice(self.idx[target])



# Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = Solution(nums)
# param_1 = obj.pick(target)

Java实现

class Solution {
    private Map<Integer, List<Integer>> map;
    private Random random;

    public Solution(int[] nums) {
        random = new Random();
        map = new HashMap<>();
        int n = nums.length, i = 0;
        for (;i < n; ++i) {
            map.putIfAbsent(nums[i], new ArrayList<Integer>());
            map.get(nums[i]).add(i);
        }
    }
    
    public int pick(int target) {
        List<Integer> lst = map.get(target);
        return lst.get(random.nextInt(lst.size()));
    }
}

/**
 * Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * Solution obj = new Solution(nums);
 * int param_1 = obj.pick(target);
 */