第六章 一对一关系

什么时候采用一对一关系映射呢?

比如我们有时在网上注册的时候,用户名,密码,邮箱必填,然后提供了一个复选框,可以选填用户的详细资料.那么如果在数据库中, 我们通常会建两张表,如下:

         主表                                从表

但是在Hibernate中会怎么实现这个呢,大家过细观察一下,会不会觉得这个外键有点多余,如果我们让从表的ID和主表的ID一样,即让从表的ID即是主键又是外键,会不会更好呢,Hibernate中就是这样实现一对一的关系的.

 

那么下面请看具体代码:

我们将利用自动创建SQL的特点来建表,我们就不需要建表了,只需要建立类,关联类之间的关系就可以了.

 

UserBase:

public class UserBase {      private String id;      private String userAccount;      private String userPwd;      private String userEmail;      private UserData userData;        public UserBase() {          super();      }        public UserBase(String userAccount, String userPwd, String userEmail) {          super();          this.userAccount = userAccount;          this.userPwd = userPwd;          this.userEmail = userEmail;      }        public String getId() {          return id;      }        public void setId(String id) {          this.id = id;      }        public String getUserAccount() {          return userAccount;      }        public void setUserAccount(String userAccount) {          this.userAccount = userAccount;      }        public String getUserPwd() {          return userPwd;      }        public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {           this.userPwd = userPwd;      }        public String getUserEmail() {          return userEmail;      }        public void setUserEmail(String userEmail) {          this.userEmail = userEmail;      }        public UserData getUserData() {          return userData;      }        public void setUserData(UserData userData) {          this.userData = userData;      } }

 

UserData:

import java.util.Date;   public class UserData {      private String id;      private String userName;      private Date birthday;      private String mobile;      private UserBase userBase;        public UserData() {          super();      }        public UserData(String userName, Date birthday, String mobile) {          super();          this.userName = userName;          this.birthday = birthday;          this.mobile = mobile;      }        public String getId() {          return id;      }        public void setId(String id) {          this.id = id;      }        public String getUserName() {          return userName;      }        public void setUserName(String userName) {          this.userName = userName;      }        public Date getBirthday() {          return birthday;      }        public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {          this.birthday = birthday;      }        public String getMobile() {          return mobile;      }        public void setMobile(String mobile) {          this.mobile = mobile;      }        public UserBase getUserBase() {          return userBase;      }        public void setUserBase(UserBase userBase) {          this.userBase = userBase;      } }

 

UserBase.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping>      <class name="chapter3.model.UserBase" table="user_base">          <id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="id" length="32">               <generator class="uuid.hex" />          </id>          <property name="userAccount" type="java.lang.String" column="userAccount"               length="20" />          <property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="userPwd"               length="20" />          <property name="userEmail" type="java.lang.String" column="userEmail"               length="50" />          <one-to-one name="userData" class="chapter3.model.UserData" />      </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

UserData.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping>      <class name="chapter3.model.UserData" table="user_data">          <id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="id" length="32">               <generator class="foreign">                    <param name="property">userBase</param>               </generator>          </id>          <property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="userName"               length="50" />          <property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date" column="birthday"               length="10" />          <property name="mobile" type="java.lang.String" column="mobile"               length="11" />          <one-to-one name="userBase" class="chapter3.model.UserBase" />      </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

UserBaseDao:

public class UserBaseDao {      public void create(UserBase userBase) throws Exception {          Session session = null;          try {               session = HibernateUtil.getSession();               session.beginTransaction();               session.save(userBase);               session.getTransaction().commit();          } catch (Exception e) {               session.getTransaction().rollback();               throw e;          }      }        public UserBase findById(Serializable id) throws Exception {          Session session = null;          UserBase userBase = null;          try {               session = HibernateUtil.getSession();               session.beginTransaction();               userBase = (UserBase) session.get(UserBase.class, id);               session.getTransaction().commit();          } catch (Exception e) {               session.getTransaction().rollback();               throw e;          }          return userBase;      } }

 

UserDataDao:

public class UserDataDao {      public void create(UserData userData) throws Exception {          Session session = null;          try {               session = HibernateUtil.getSession();               session.beginTransaction();               session.save(userData);               session.getTransaction().commit();          } catch (Exception e) {               session.getTransaction().rollback();               throw e;          }      }        public UserData findById(Serializable id) throws Exception {          Session session = null;          UserData userData = null;          try {               session = HibernateUtil.getSession();               session.beginTransaction();               userData = (UserData) session.get(UserData.class, id);               session.getTransaction().commit();          } catch (Exception e) {               session.getTransaction().rollback();               throw e;          }          return userData;      } }

 

Test:

public class Test {      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {          UserBaseDao userBaseDao = new UserBaseDao();          UserDataDao userDataDao = new UserDataDao();            UserBase userBase = new UserBase("zhanghaidang", "791126",                    "wdpc@163.com");          userBaseDao.create(userBase);                   UserData userData = new UserData("张海当", new Date(), "13986007262");          userData.setUserBase(userBase);          userDataDao.create(userData);      } }

 

总结:

主键关联一对一映射不需要额外的字段，对象之间必须共享相同的主键；

一对一映射默认采用级联操作，存储一个对象的时候，另一个对象也同时被储存；

配置子表的主键时,注意主键的生成策略:

<id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="id" length="32">

<generator class="foreign">

<param name="property">userBase</param>

</generator>

</id>

采用的是foreign外键策略,意指该表的主键来自另一张表, 并且需要告诉策略对应的类,可以查看源码包下的ForeignGenerator类的源代码,重点看下面的代码,该类会获取一个参数 params.getProperty("property"); 那么这时我们需要将property参数的值传给它, 传参的代码为上面的形式.

public void configure(Type type, Properties params, Dialect d)                    throws MappingException {                    propertyName = params.getProperty("property");                    entityName = params.getProperty(ENTITY_NAME);                    if (propertyName==null) throw new MappingException(                             "param named /"property/" is required for foreign id generation strategy"                    );          }

 

运用的时候需要注意,一定要先创建主表的对应类,因为只有创建了主表的对应类,子表才能够取得ID主键,从而为自己设置主键的值.