第五章 一对多关系

l          一对多的关系

在学生与班级对象模型中,通常多个学生实体对应一个班级,反过来,一个班级对应多个学生.

 

一对多的关系在数据库层面没有任何变动,还是两张表,学生表与班级表,学生表中有一个外键引用班级表的主键.

 

建立两张表students, myClass

students

CREATE TABLE `students` (           `id` varchar(32) NOT NULL,           `name` varchar(20) default NULL,           `age` int(11) default NULL,           `birthday` date default NULL,           `class_id` varchar(32) default NULL,           PRIMARY KEY  (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

 

myClass

CREATE TABLE `myclass` (           `id` varchar(32) NOT NULL default '',           `name` varchar(20) default NULL,           PRIMARY KEY  (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

 

Model: Student

public class Student {      private String id;      private Myclass myclass;      private String name;      private Integer age;      private Date birthday;        public Student() {      }        public Student(Myclass myclass, String name, Integer age, Date birthday) {          this.myclass = myclass;          this.name = name;          this.age = age;          this.birthday = birthday;      }        public String getId() {          return this.id;      }        public void setId(String id) {          this.id = id;      }        public Myclass getMyclass() {          return this.myclass;      }        public void setMyclass(Myclass myclass) {          this.myclass = myclass;      }        public String getName() {          return this.name;      }        public void setName(String name) {          this.name = name;      }        public Integer getAge() {          return this.age;      }        public void setAge(Integer age) {          this.age = age;      }        public Date getBirthday() {          return this.birthday;      }        public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {          this.birthday = birthday;      } }

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping>     <class name="chapter2.model.Students" table="students">         <id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="id">             <generator class="uuid.hex" />         </id>                <property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name" />                    <property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer" column="age" />                   <property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date" column="birthday" />                  <many-to-one name="myclass" class="chapter2.model.Myclass" column="class_id" />                </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

可以看到学生这一块和昨天讲的内容没有任何区别.唯一要变动的是班级这一块,一个班级中有多个学生,那么我们应该很自然的想到班级类中应该有一个集合类,能够容纳该班级所有的学生, 我们先看一下班级Model类的变动:

public class Myclass {      private String id;      private String name;      // 看到这里,这里运用了一个set集合(set集合的特点:不能够存放相同的元素),这个集合能够容纳该班级下所有的学生.      private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();        public Myclass() {      }        public Myclass(String name) {          this.name = name;      }        public String getId() {          return this.id;      }        public void setId(String id) {          this.id = id;      }        public String getName() {          return this.name;      }        public void setName(String name) {          this.name = name;      }        public Set<Student> getStudents() {          return students;      }        public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {          this.students = students;      } }

 

那么接下来,我们在配置文件中应该怎么配置呢?因为我们要让这个集合能够找到该班级下所有的学生类.

 

Myclass.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping>     <class name="chapter2.model.Myclass" table="myclass">         <id name="id" type="java.lang.String">             <column name="id" length="32" />             <generator class="uuid.hex"></generator>         </id>         <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">             <column name="name" length="20" />         </property>         <set name="students">             <key column="class_id" />             <one-to-many class="chapter2.model.Student" />         </set>     </class> </hibernate-mapping>

主要是这里:

<set name="studentses">

    <key column="class_id" />

    <one-to-many class="chapter2.model.Student" />

</set>

name属性指定班级类中集合的属性名, key标签的column属性要对应数据库中学生表中外键字段,因为Hibernate查询的时候要知道用自己的主键去匹配学生表中的哪个字段. one-to-many告诉set集合应该装什么类型的对象,也告诉了Hibernate应该查哪张表.

 

Dao层:

MyclassDao

public class MyclassDao {      public void create(Myclass myclass){          Session session = null;          try{               session = HibernateUtil.getSession();               session.beginTransaction();               session.save(myclass);               session.getTransaction().commit();          }catch(RuntimeException re){               session.getTransaction().rollback();               throw re;          }      }           public Myclass findById(Serializable s){          Session session = null;          Myclass myclass = null;          try{               session = HibernateUtil.getSession();               session.beginTransaction();               myclass = (Myclass) session.get(Myclass.class, s);               session.getTransaction().commit();          }catch(RuntimeException re){               session.getTransaction().rollback();               throw re;          }          return myclass;      } }

 

StudentDao

public class StudentDao {      public void create(Student student) {          Session session = null;          try {               session = HibernateUtil.getSession();               session.beginTransaction();               session.save(student);               session.getTransaction().commit();          } catch (RuntimeException re) {               session.getTransaction().rollback();               throw re;          }      } }

 

测试类:

先运行方法向数据库中添加数据

public class Test {      public static void main(String[] args) {                StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();          MyclassDao myclassDao = new MyclassDao();                   Myclass myclass = new Myclass("java0801");          Student student1 = new Student(myclass, "张三", 25, new Date());          Student student2 = new Student(myclass, "李四", 25, new Date());          Student student3 = new Student(myclass, "王五", 25, new Date());          Student student4 = new Student(myclass, "赵六", 25, new Date());          Student student5 = new Student(myclass, "林七", 25, new Date());          Student student6 = new Student(myclass, "魏八", 25, new Date());          myclassDao.create(myclass);          studentDao.create(student1);              studentDao.create(student2);          studentDao.create(student3);          studentDao.create(student4);              studentDao.create(student5);          studentDao.create(student6);      } }

 

接下来,我们测试一下,看能否通过班级找到所有的学生

public class Test {      public static void main(String[] args) {                StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();          MyclassDao myclassDao = new MyclassDao();                   Myclass myclass = myclassDao.findById("4028810027959bbc0127959bbd2f0001");          try {               Thread.sleep(5000);          } catch (InterruptedException e) {               e.printStackTrace();          }          Set<Student> students = myclass.getStudents();          for(Student s : students){               System.out.println(s.getName());          }      } }

加入休眠, 是为了让大家看到一个延时提取的一个过程, 大家可以看下面

<set name="students" lazy="false">

     <key column="class_id" />

     <one-to-many class="chapter2.model.Student" />

</set>

将set标签这里加了一个属性lazy="false",再运行上面的程序,看一下是什么效果

 

我们上面的示例是在创建学生的时候,告诉学生你属于哪个班级, 有时候会有新来的员工等待分配的情况,那这种情况怎么模拟呢?

public class Test {      public static void main(String[] args) {                StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();          MyclassDao myclassDao = new MyclassDao();                   //这里模拟新来的学生          Student student1 = new Student("胶卷", 25, new Date());          Student student2 = new Student("腾迅", 25, new Date());          Student student3 = new Student("网易", 25, new Date());          Student student4 = new Student("淘宝", 25, new Date());          Student student5 = new Student("百度", 25, new Date());          Student student6 = new Student("谷歌", 25, new Date());          //新学生入库          studentDao.create(student1);              studentDao.create(student2);          studentDao.create(student3);          studentDao.create(student4);              studentDao.create(student5);          studentDao.create(student6);                   try {               Thread.sleep(10000);          } catch (InterruptedException e) {               e.printStackTrace();          }            //学生打包          Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();          students.add(student1);          students.add(student2);          students.add(student3);          students.add(student4);          students.add(student5);          students.add(student6);          //分配班级          Myclass myclass = myclassDao.findById("4028810027959bbc0127959bbd2f0001");          myclass.setStudents(students);          //更新班级          myclassDao.update(myclass);      } }

加入延时,是为了让大家看到这里,刚加入学生时,学生的外键是空的.

如果这样做,会将以前存在的数据中的外键更新为空.进一步证明了持久对象的特点, 在事务开始与结束之间,对象的任何变化都会在数据库中体现出来.

 

为了避免这种情况发生,我们可以更改为下面的代码:

public class Test {      public static void main(String[] args) {                StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();          MyclassDao myclassDao = new MyclassDao();                   //这里模拟新来的学生          Student student1 = new Student("胶卷", 25, new Date());          Student student2 = new Student("腾迅", 25, new Date());          Student student3 = new Student("网易", 25, new Date());          Student student4 = new Student("淘宝", 25, new Date());          Student student5 = new Student("百度", 25, new Date());          Student student6 = new Student("谷歌", 25, new Date());          //新学生入库          studentDao.create(student1);              studentDao.create(student2);          studentDao.create(student3);          studentDao.create(student4);              studentDao.create(student5);          studentDao.create(student6);                   try {               Thread.sleep(10000);          } catch (InterruptedException e) {               e.printStackTrace();          }            //分配班级          Myclass myclass = myclassDao.findById("4028810027959bbc0127959bbd2f0001");          //为了避免将原来学生的信息更新为空          Set<Student> students = myclass.getStudents();          students.add(student1);          students.add(student2);          students.add(student3);          students.add(student4);          students.add(student5);          students.add(student6);                   //更新班级          myclassDao.update(myclass);      } }