[ 情态动词 ]
情态动词主要的作用就是加上动词原形构成复合谓语
can | could can的过去式 | may 可以 |
might may过去式 | should 应该 | must |
have to | dare 敢 | needn't 不必 |
had better 最好 | ought to = should | be able to = can |
主语 + 情态动词 + 实义动词原型 / 动词短语原型 + 宾语
[例1]:I can speak English. 我会说英语 can speak 复合谓语
[例2]:She can look after her baby. 她能照顾她的孩子
[例3]:I must go. 我必须走了
[例4]:She shoule find a job. 她应该找到一份工作
主语 + 情态动词 + be + 表语
[例1]:I can be a good teacher. 我可以成为一个好老师
[例2]:Youn should be happy. 你应该开心
[例3]:You have to be patient. 你必须耐心
there + 情态动词 + be + 名词 + 地点状语
含有情态动词的句子没有时态结构的变化,如,must 可以直接表达 过去,将来,现在,但是must 本身不需要发生变化,想要表达不同的时间必须做某事,加上对应的时间状语
[例1]:I must go now. 我现在必须走了
[例2]:I must go home tomorrow. 我明天必须回家
[例3]:I must teach English every day. 我每天必须教英语
[例4]:I must sleep early yesterday. 我昨天必须很早睡觉
[ 一般疑问句 ]
通常把情态动词移到句首
[例1]:She can buy a house. 她可以买一套房子
[例1]:Can she buy a house ? 她可以买一套房子吗?
[例2]:I can speak English. 我会说英语吗
[例2]:Can you speak English ? 你会说英语吗
[ 否定句 ]
can't | couldn't | ought not to |
don't have to | doesn't have to | daren't |
shouldn't | isn't able to | aren't able to |
won't be able to | mustn't | needn't |
weren't able to | wasn't able to | didn't have to |
[例1]:She can buy a house. 她可以买一套房
[例1]:She can't but a house. 她无法买一套房
[例2]:I can speak English. 我会说英语
[例2]:I can't speak English. 我不会说英语
[ can ]
can + 动词原形,表达将来加时间状语
[例1]:I can buy a house in the future. 我以后可以买一套房
[例2]:I can buy a house now.
① 表示能力
can 可以表示 有做某事的能力 的意思 即:能做某事
[例1]:He can eat five bowls of rice every day. 他每天能吃五碗饭
[例2]:He can move the big stone. 他能搬动这块大石头
[例3]:He can earn one million yuan a year. 他一年可以赚一百万
[例4]:Can you write a composition in English? 你可以用英语写一篇作文
[例5]:He can run very fast. 他能跑得很快
[例6]:Who can answer this question ? 谁能回答这个问题
② 可能性
can 可以表示 做某事的可能性,表示 可能做某事
[例1]:Can you help me ? 你可以帮我吗?
[例2]:We can eat in a restaurant. 我们可以在餐馆吃饭
[例3]:I can call you tomorrow. 我明天可以打电话给你
[例4]:I am afraid I can't go with you. 很抱歉恐怕我不能和你去
③ 可能
can 可以用在否定句和疑问句里表示 不可能...,可能... 表示猜测
[例1]:That can't be Mary,she is in hospital. 那不可能时玛丽,她住院了
[例2]:There's someone outside - who can it be ? 有人在外面-会是谁呢
[例3]:Can he still be alive after all these years? 这些年后,他还可能活着吗?
[例4]:Can he receive my email ? 他能收到我的电子邮件吗?
④ 表示 允许做某事,和 may 的意思差不多,在口语中 can 用得更多,主语被人允许去做某事
[例1]:You can park here. 你可以在这里停车 park 停车
[例2]:You can take the book home. 你可以把这本书带回家
[例3]:You can call me. 你可以打电话给我
[例4]:She can pick my mangoes. 她可以摘我的芒果
[例5]:You can catch my fishes. 你们可以抓我的鱼
[例6]:You can't smoke here. 你不可以在这里抽烟
[ could ]
① can 的过去式,表示过去的情况,也就是把含 can的句子变成一般过去时态
[例1]:I can eat three bowls of rice. 我可以吃三碗饭 一般现在时态
[例1]:I could eat three bowls of rice ten years ago.
十年前我可以吃三碗饭 一般过去时态
[例2]:I could buy a book yesterday. 昨天我可以买一本书
[例3]:I could write a composition ten years ago. 十年前,我可以写一篇作文
[例4]:She couldn't answer the teacher's question yesterday.
她昨天不能回答老师的问题
[例1]:I could not hear the actors. 我不能听到演员的声音
② could 不是can的过去式,用在 委婉地,礼貌地提出请求,想法,建议
[例1]:Could you show me the way ? 你可以给我带路吗?
[例2]:Could you tell me how to get to the station. 你可以告诉我怎么去车站吗?
[例3]:I could get you a copy. 我可以帮你弄一份
[ may ]
① 提出问题,用来征求别人的许可,也就是问 可以不可以,基本上主语都是 I
[例1]:May I use your phone ? 我可以用你的电话吗?
[例2]:May I come in ? 我可以进来吗
[例3]:May I come around in the afternoon ? 我可以下午的时候过来吗
[例4]:May I be your boyfriend ?
② 用于陈述句,表示允许主语做某事,跟 can 的第四种用法一致,口语多用 can
[例1]:You may park here. = You can park here. 你可以在这里停车
[例2]:You may only keep books for two weeks. 书你只能借两个星期
[例3]:You may come if you wish. 如果你愿意,你可以来
[例4]:You may not take photos in the museum. 你不可以在博物馆里照相
③ 表示可能,表示猜测,一般翻译成 也许
[例1]:Anna may know Tom's address. 安娜可能知道汤姆的地址
[例2]:Jack may know lily's secret. 杰克也许知道莉莉的秘密
这个用法跟 can 的第三种用法接近,但是 may 可以跟 have + 过去分词,表示对过去的猜测
[例1]:He may have gone abroad. 他可能已经出国了
[例2]:He may have had a girlfriend.
may 还可以跟 be + 现在分词,表示可能正在做某事
[例1]:They may be waiting at the station. 她们可能正在车站等
④ 表达祝愿
may 可以表达对某人的祝福或者祝愿
1. may + 主语 + be + 表语
[例1]:May you be happy! 祝你幸福
[例2]:May God be with you! 愿上帝与你同在
[例3]:May you be rice! 祝你发财
[例4]:May you be safe! 祝你安全,顺利
2. may + 主语 + 动词原形 + (宾语)
[例1]:May you succeed! 祝你成功
[例2]:May you have a good time! 祝你玩得开心
[例3]:May she rest in peace. 愿她安息
[ might ]
① may 的过去式,表示过去的情况,也就是把含 may 的句子变成一般过去时态
[例1]:Jack may know Tom's address. 杰克也许知道汤姆的地址
[例1]:Jack might know Tom's address yesterday. 昨天杰克也许知道汤姆的地址
[例2]:You might keep the book for one day ten years ago.
十年前你可以借这书一天
另外,在含有宾语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般过去时态,从句中的 may 也要变成过去时态 might
[例1]:He asked if he might use the phone. 他问是否可以用一下电话
[例2]:He said he might be late. 他说他可能迟到了
[例3]:I guessed she might come tomorrow. 我猜她明天可能来
② might 不是 may 的过去式,用在 委婉地,礼貌地提出请求,想法,建议
[例1]:May I go with you ? 我可以和你一起去吗?
[例1]:Might I go with you ? 我可以和你一起去吗?比 may 更委婉
[例2]:Might I use your cellphone? 我可以用你的手机吗?
[例3]:Might I say something? 我可以说点什么吗?
[ must ]
① 在肯定句中表示 必须 一定要 得... 的意思,没有时态变化,可以表示 过去 现在 将来 的情况
[例1]:You must cut down on smoking. 你必须少抽烟
[例2]:You must learn English. 你必须学英语
[例3]:I must earn money. 我必须赚钱
[例4]:I must remember to go to the bank today. 今天我必须记得去银行
[例5]:Must we finish the homework today? 我们必须今天完成作业吗
yes,you must. No,you don't have to.
注意 1:must 的一般疑问句,否定回答要用 have to 的否定形式
注意 2:must 可以表示过去的情况,但是 had to 更好
[例1]:I had to go to see the dentist. 我不得不去看牙医
[例2]:When did you have to leave? 你什么时候得走?
② must 的否定格式 mustn't 表示 禁止主语做某事,不准主语做某事
[例1]:You mustn't take pictures here,it is forbidden.
你不得在这里拍照,这是禁止的
[例2]:Cars must not park in front of the supermarket. 车不得停在超市门口
[例3]:You mustn't drive without a license. 你不得无证驾驶
[例4]:You mustn't steal apples. 你不得偷苹果
③ must 可以表示推想,表达 一定,准是,肯定是,用在 主系表结构
主语 + must + be + 表语
[例1]:You must be hungry.Have something to eat. 你肯定饿了,吃点东西吧
[例2]:They must be twins. 他们 / 她们 肯定是双胞胎
注意:must 在主谓宾肯定句中,一般不能表示推想,但是特殊情况可以
must + have + 过去分词 + 宾语 表达 以前肯定做了某事
[例1]:I can't find my English book. I must have left it at home.
我找不到我得英语书了,肯定是放在家里了
[例2]:She must have been to American. 她肯定去过美国
[例3]:She must have eaten dinner. 她肯定吃过饭了
must 总结
1. 主语 + must + 动词原型 + (宾语) 表达 必须做某事
2. 主语 + mustn't + 动词原型 + 宾语 表达 禁止做某事,不能做某事
3. 主语 + must + be + 表语 表达 肯定是,准是,一定是
4. 主语 + must + have + 过去分词 + 宾语 表达 过去一定或肯定做了某事