Java精通并发-CyclicBarrier底层源码剖析与Condition的使用详解

webor2006

于 2021-08-24 17:31:07 发布

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分类专栏： java并发编程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/webor2006/article/details/119894838

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CyclicBarrier.await()再论：

在上一次Java精通并发-CyclicBarrier透彻分析与示例剖析学习了CyclicBarrier的用法，对于它的底层实现又是怎么样的呢？所以这次来更深层次的探究一下它，不过在正式分析它的底层源码之前，对于它的await()有个细节还是值得去探讨一下的，先来回忆一下上一次的代码：

package com.javacurrency.test5;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class MyTest2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3, () -> {
            System.out.println("汇总...");
        });
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {//执行的总阶段为2段
            for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++) {//每个阶段由3个线程来执行
                new Thread(() -> {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 2000));

                        int randomInt = new Random().nextInt(500);
                        System.out.println("hello " + randomInt);

                        cyclicBarrier.await();

                        System.out.println("world " + randomInt);

                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }).start();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行效果：

其中重点来看一下await()这个方法，因为有细节需要再挖掘：

而它其实还有另一个重载的方法：

很明显这个是一个带指定超时时间的等待，原来不带超时时间await()的含义是要等最后一个线程到达屏障此等待才会解除，而有了超时，那肯定就不会一直等最后一个线程到达屏障了，下面咱们先来改下程序直观的感受一下运行效果：

package com.javacurrency.test5;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyTest2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3, () -> {
            System.out.println("汇总...");
        });
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {//执行的总阶段为2段
            for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++) {//每个阶段由3个线程来执行
                new Thread(() -> {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 2000));

                        int randomInt = new Random().nextInt(500);
                        System.out.println("hello " + randomInt);

                        cyclicBarrier.await(20, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

                        System.out.println("world " + randomInt);

                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }).start();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行：

发现此时只打印的hello，其它所有的都没有打印出来：

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/xiongwei/Documents/workspace/IntelliJSpace/java_javacurrency/out/production/classes com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2
hello 38
java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:257)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 156
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 205
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 248
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 146
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 347
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Process finished with exit code 0

而还有个细节，只有第一个线程抛出这个异常，其它的都是另一个异常：

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_92.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/xiongwei/Documents/workspace/IntelliJSpace/java_javacurrency/out/production/classes com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2
hello 38
java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:257)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 156
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 205
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 248
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 146
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
hello 347
java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.dowait(CyclicBarrier.java:207)
    at java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier.await(CyclicBarrier.java:435)
    at com.javacurrency.test5.MyTest2.lambda$main$1(MyTest2.java:22)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Process finished with exit code 0

为啥会这样呢？进到await()方法瞅瞅说明：

而当屏障被破坏掉之后，BrokenBarrierException异常就会被触发了，看一下它的异常描述：

其中提到了屏障被破坏，不就是咱们目前的场景么，所以这也是为啥出现了一次超时异常之后，接下来的全是BrokenBarrierException异常的原因之所在，那。。为啥要这样设计呢？这其实也是跟CyclicBarrier它的使用场景有关，对于屏障的语义其实就是多个子线程之间它们要到达同一个屏障才会突破屏障，而如果某一个线程超时了很明显这个线程就出问题了，也就是多个线程之间是存在有数据交互的，当到达了屏障之后则将各自的数据进行统一汇总，如果其中有一个线程抛异常了的话，那很显然会影响到最终的汇总嘛，结果反正是错的那还让线程继续执行也是无任何意义的了，所以从设计的角度来理解就能知道为啥只要抛出了超时异常，之后所有的线程就无法继续往下执行且无法执行屏障到达的那个动作了。

CyclicBarrier底层源码剖析：

parties和count成员变量含义理解：

好，接下来则从底层源码的角度来进一步理解,首先从它的构造来分析起：

下面来看一下这个构造：

其中parties这个字段的含义已经比较熟悉了，代表总共有几个线程，而接下来又将它赋值给了count了。。

这里先来读一下它代表的含义：

很明显这个count是用来计数用的，值会随着状态改变会变化，而parties它在构造之后是不允许被改变的，看一下parties的定义就可以清楚的感受到这一点了：

而count则是每到一个线程到达了屏障之前它则会减1，直到所有线程都到达了屏障了此时它的值就会被减成0，此时屏障就会被冲破了，此时count又会被重置成parties了，这也是为啥CyclicBarrier可以重复使用的原因。

Generation分代概念：

而对于count的字段说明中提到了一个这个词：

其实它是定义在了里面的一个静态内部类了：

对于每一次到达屏障之后CyclicBarrier就会恢复到最初的状态，而每一次CyclicBarrier恢复时，我们就可以“进入了下一个Generation(分代)了”，

await()机制：

接下来则就是重点分析await()方法了，先看无参的：

所以接下来就是读懂dowait()中的实现，那么对于CyclicBarrier的底层机制也就清楚了：

先来贴一下整个方法的实现：

/**
     * Main barrier code, covering the various policies.
     */
    private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final Generation g = generation;

            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();

            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                breakBarrier();
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int index = --count;
            if (index == 0) {  // tripped
                boolean ranAction = false;
                try {
                    final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
                    if (command != null)
                        command.run();
                    ranAction = true;
                    nextGeneration();
                    return 0;
                } finally {
                    if (!ranAction)
                        breakBarrier();
                }
            }

            // loop until tripped, broken, interrupted, or timed out
            for (;;) {
                try {
                    if (!timed)
                        trip.await();
                    else if (nanos > 0L)
                        nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
                        breakBarrier();
                        throw ie;
                    } else {
                        // We're about to finish waiting even if we had not
                        // been interrupted, so this interrupt is deemed to
                        // "belong" to subsequent execution.
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    }
                }

                if (g.broken)
                    throw new BrokenBarrierException();

                if (g != generation)
                    return index;

                if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw new TimeoutException();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

好，接下来分析它，首先第一句话就看到了我们之前所学习的东东：

可以看到lock的成员变量的定义：

关于这块在之前https://www.cnblogs.com/webor2006/p/11792954.html已经学习过了，而在使用最后则会释放锁：

好，接下来继续分析，首先是异常的处理：

这块就不多说了，接下来继续：

好，接下来看一下条件语句的逻辑：

好，执行run之后，接下来有一句也很重要的代码：

很明显开启了下一个分代了，也就是重新初始化CyclicBarrier将其再复用了，具体它的实现逻辑瞅一眼：

而trip是啥呢？

也就是很明显在屏障所有线程等待在这个条件上，而调用了它的signalAll()很明显会唤醒所有等待在屏障上的线程，开始恢复状态了，继续往下分析：

那目前我们还木有分析到线程何时等待的情况，接下来往下的代码则就是用来处理它的：

其中timed是dowait()的参数：

所以可见其基础的重要性，它底层原来是用的ReentrantLock来进行线程的控制的，至此关于CyclicBarrier的核心原理就理解清楚了，对于它的使用也会更加的得心应手。

CyclicBarrier实现原理总结：

关于CyclicBarrier的底层执行流程总结：

初始化CyclicBarrier中的各种成员变量，包括parties、count以及Runnable（可选）；
当调用await()方法时，底层会先检查计数器是否已经归零，如果是的话，那么就首先执行可选的Runnable，接下来开始下一个generation；
在下一个分代中，将会重置count值为parties，并且创建新的Generation实例；
同时会调用Condition的singalAll方法，唤醒所有在屏障前面等待的线程，让其开始继续执行；
如果计数器没有归零，那么当前的调用线程将会通过Condition的await方法，在屏障前进行等待；
以上所有执行流程均在lock锁的控制范围内，不会出现并发情况。
关于这点，再来看一下源码，如果不加lock的话，是会有并发问题的：

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Java精通并发-CyclicBarrier底层源码剖析与Condition的使用详解

CyclicBarrier.await()再论：在上一次Java精通并发-CyclicBarrier透彻分析与示例剖析学习了CyclicBarrier的用法，对于它的底层实现又是怎么样的呢？所以这次来更深层次的探究一下它，不过在正式分析它的底层源码之前，对于它的await()有个细节还是值得去探讨一下的，先来回忆一下上一次的代码：package com.javacurrency.test5;import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent
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