NIST加密标准是什么意思?

NIST高级加密标准(AES)是美国联邦政府采用的区块加密标准,广泛应用于SSL证书中。NIST加密标准涵盖对称密钥、非对称密钥和加密哈希函数,如AES、RSA、DSA等。加密哈希函数包括SHA-1(已弃用)和SHA-2家族,保证数据完整性。对称密钥算法包括DES、TDEA和AES,而非对称密钥算法则涉及RSA、DSA和ECDSA。

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美国国家标准与技术研究院在2001年11月发布了密码学中的高级加密标准(Advanced Encryption Standard,AES),又称Rijndael加密法,是美国联邦政府采用的一种区块加密标准。自2006年起,高级加密标准已然成为对称密钥加密中最流行的算法之一。

什么是SSL的NIST加密标准?  SSL证书作为现在流行的加密的证书之一,其使用的加密技术与高级加密标准具有密切的关系。  NIST SP 800-175B第3节所述,NIST将其加密标准分为三类:      加密哈希函数     对称密钥算法     非对称密钥算法  加密哈希函数  加密散列函数实际上只是将数据映射到固定长度输出的加密方法。为确保数据的完整性提供了一个安全有效的方法。日常所提到的数据安全是指数据没有被改变或篡改。如发送方正在使用SHA-256来散列文件。当用户收到数据时,可以执行相同的哈希函数,如果这些值匹配,则数据未被更改,是完整的。在加密哈希函数中,即使对数据的最小改动也会导致完全不同的散列值。

 

对称与非对称密钥算法

这两者都是使用算法来加密数据,差异来解密。非对称加密也被称为单向加密,其密钥是不一样的。在SSL握手期间,最常见的是客户端使用公钥解密,服务器使用私钥解密。而对称加密是双向加密,密钥既可以加密又可以解密。

什么是散列函数的NIST加密标准?

FIPS 180  指定SHA-1,SHA-224,SHA-256&#

Cryptographic publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provide guidance regarding how cryptographic protection is to be implemented, but do not specify when cryptographic protection is required. The decision regarding whether or not to employ cryptographic protection rests with the owner of the information to be protected. Decisions concerning the use of cryptographic protection are generally based on a thorough risk analysis that establishes the sensitivity of the information to be protected and the security controls that need to be used to protect that information, both during transmission and while in storage. This document provides guidance on the basis for determining requirements for using cryptography. It includes a summary of the laws, directives, standards, and guidelines concerning the protection of the Federal government’s sensitive but unclassified information; guidance regarding the conduct of risk assessments to determine what information needs to be protected and how best to protect that information; and a discussion of application-relevant security documentation (e.g., various policy and practice documents). While the use of this guideline outside the Federal Government is strictly voluntary, many of the processes and references included herein may be useful in non-federal contexts. The primary policy documents that apply to federal cryptographic systems include Public Laws, Presidential Executive Orders and Directives, and other guidance from Executive Office of the President organizations. Some Department of Commerce and NIST publications are identified in these policy documents as being mandatory for Federal organizations. Relevant NIST cryptographic publications are discussed in Special Publication (SP) 800-175B, Guideline for Using Cryptographic Standards in the Federal Government: Cryptographic Mechanisms.
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