第一个案例

添加Animal类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test01
{
    //添加public，改为抽象类//
    public abstract class Animal
    {
        //抽象方法必须在抽象类中//
        public abstract void Shout();
    }
}

添加Cat类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test01
{
    //添加public，继承Animal//
    public class Cat : Animal
    {
        //选中Animal按ALT+SHIFT+F10可直接生成抽象方法的实现代码//
        public override void Shout()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("maomao...");
        }
    }
}

添加Dog类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test01
{
    public class Dog : Animal
    {
        public override void Shout()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("wangwang...");
        }
    }
}

添加Pig类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test01
{
    public class Pig : Animal
    {
        public override void Shout()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("hengheng...");
        }
    }
}

编写主程序

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Test01
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Input animal:");
            string name = Console.ReadLine();

            //先输入GetAnimalByName(name)，然后按SHIFT+ALT+F10可直接生成实现方法//
            Animal animal = GetAnimalByName(name);
            if(animal!=null)
            {
                animal.Shout();
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static Animal GetAnimalByName(string name)
        {
            Animal animal = null;
            switch(name)
            {
                case "cat":
                    animal = new Cat();
                    break;
                case "dog":
                    animal = new Dog();
                    break;
                case "pig":
                    animal = new Pig();
                    break;
            }
            return animal;
        }
    }
}